CVE-2025-41712: Information Disclosure Vulnerability

CVE-2025-41712 Overview

CVE-2025-41712 is an information disclosure vulnerability caused by incorrect permission assignment for a web server. An unauthenticated remote attacker who tricks a user into uploading a manipulated HTML file can gain access to sensitive information on the device. This vulnerability stems from improper access control (CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource) that allows unauthorized access to protected resources.

Critical Impact

Successful exploitation enables attackers to access sensitive device information through social engineering attacks involving malicious HTML file uploads.

Affected Products

• Industrial control devices with affected web server configurations (refer to CERT VDE advisories for specific product details)
• Janitza products (see CERT VDE Advisory VDE-2025-079)
• Weidmüller products (see CERT VDE Advisory VDE-2025-096)

Discovery Timeline

• March 10, 2026 - CVE-2025-41712 published to NVD
• March 11, 2026 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-41712

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability represents a classic case of incorrect permission assignment affecting web server components in industrial devices. The web server fails to properly restrict access to sensitive resources, creating an attack surface that can be exploited through user interaction. The flaw requires an attacker to convince a user to upload a specially crafted HTML file, after which the attacker can access confidential information stored on the device.

The attack requires network access and user interaction, making it a social engineering-dependent exploit. The confidentiality impact is high, meaning successful exploitation can result in significant disclosure of sensitive device information, though no integrity or availability impact is expected.

Root Cause

The root cause is CWE-732: Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource. The web server component does not properly enforce access controls, allowing files uploaded by users to access resources that should be restricted. This permission misconfiguration enables unauthorized information disclosure when combined with a maliciously crafted HTML payload.

Attack Vector

The attack follows a social engineering approach where the attacker must trick a legitimate user into uploading a manipulated HTML file to the vulnerable device's web interface. Once uploaded, the HTML file can leverage the incorrect permissions to access and potentially exfiltrate sensitive information from the device.

The attack requires:

1. Network access to the target device
2. User interaction to upload the malicious HTML file
3. The web server's misconfigured permissions allowing the uploaded content to access restricted resources

Due to the social engineering requirement, exploitation complexity increases in practice despite the network-accessible attack surface.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-41712

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual HTML file uploads to the device's web interface from untrusted sources
• Unexpected file access patterns in web server logs indicating permission boundary violations
• Access attempts to sensitive configuration files or system resources following HTML file uploads

Detection Strategies

• Monitor web server access logs for suspicious file upload activities
• Implement file upload validation and content inspection for HTML files
• Review web server permission configurations against security baselines
• Enable alerting for access to sensitive resources from uploaded content

Monitoring Recommendations

• Configure logging for all file upload operations on the device web interface
• Establish baseline behavior for web server resource access and alert on anomalies
• Monitor network traffic for exfiltration attempts following file uploads
• Implement user awareness training to reduce successful social engineering attacks

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-41712

Immediate Actions Required

• Review and restrict file upload capabilities on affected devices
• Implement strict permission controls on web server resources
• Train users to avoid uploading files from untrusted or suspicious sources
• Consult vendor advisories for specific mitigation guidance

Patch Information

Organizations should consult the official vendor advisories for patch availability and installation guidance:

• CERT VDE Advisory VDE-2025-079 for Janitza products
• CERT VDE Advisory VDE-2025-096 for Weidmüller products
• Janitza CSAF Document for machine-readable vulnerability details
• Weidmüller CSAF Document for machine-readable vulnerability details

Workarounds

• Disable HTML file upload functionality if not required for operations
• Implement network segmentation to limit access to vulnerable device web interfaces
• Deploy web application firewalls to filter malicious HTML content
• Restrict web interface access to trusted networks and authenticated users only

# Example: Restrict access to device web interface by IP
# Add to device firewall or network ACL configuration
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP