CVE-2025-41014: Tcman Gim Information Disclosure Flaw

CVE-2025-41014 Overview

CVE-2025-41014 is a User Enumeration vulnerability affecting TCMAN GIM v11 version 20250304. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to determine whether a user exists on the system by exploiting the pda:username parameter with soapaction GetLastDatePasswordChange in the /WS/PDAWebService.asmx endpoint. With a CVSS 4.0 score of 6.9 (Medium severity), this vulnerability poses a significant risk as it can be exploited remotely without any authentication requirements.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can enumerate valid usernames on TCMAN GIM systems, potentially facilitating subsequent attacks such as brute-force password attacks or targeted phishing campaigns.

Affected Products

• TCMAN GIM v11 version 20250304
• cpe:2.3:a:tcman:gim::::::::

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-12-02 - CVE-2025-41014 published to NVD
• 2025-12-03 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-41014

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-200 (Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor). The TCMAN GIM web service exposes a SOAP endpoint at /WS/PDAWebService.asmx that processes the GetLastDatePasswordChange SOAP action. When an attacker supplies different usernames via the pda:username parameter, the application returns distinguishable responses that reveal whether a given username exists in the system.

The CVSS 4.0 vector (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N) indicates:

• Attack Vector (AV:N): Network-accessible, allowing remote exploitation
• Attack Complexity (AC:L): Low complexity, straightforward to exploit
• Privileges Required (PR:N): No authentication needed
• User Interaction (UI:N): No user interaction required
• Confidentiality Impact (VC:L): Low confidentiality impact through information disclosure

The current EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score is 0.082% with a percentile ranking of 24.514, indicating a relatively low probability of exploitation in the wild at this time.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability lies in the improper handling of authentication error responses by the TCMAN GIM web service. The GetLastDatePasswordChange SOAP action fails to provide uniform error responses for both valid and invalid usernames, allowing attackers to differentiate between existing and non-existing user accounts based on the response content or timing.

Attack Vector

The attack vector for CVE-2025-41014 is network-based, requiring no authentication or user interaction. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted SOAP requests to the /WS/PDAWebService.asmx endpoint with the GetLastDatePasswordChange SOAP action. By iterating through a list of potential usernames in the pda:username parameter and analyzing the responses, an attacker can compile a list of valid user accounts on the target system.

The exploitation process involves sending SOAP requests to the vulnerable endpoint and observing the differential responses. When a valid username is submitted, the application returns one type of response (potentially including the last password change date or a specific error message), while invalid usernames trigger a different response pattern. This information disclosure enables attackers to enumerate valid accounts for further attacks. For detailed technical information, refer to the INCIBE-CERT security advisory.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-41014

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual volume of requests to /WS/PDAWebService.asmx endpoint
• Multiple SOAP requests with GetLastDatePasswordChange action containing different usernames in rapid succession
• Sequential or patterned username values in pda:username parameter suggesting automated enumeration
• Requests originating from suspicious IP addresses or geographic locations not associated with legitimate users

Detection Strategies

Organizations should implement robust monitoring for enumeration attempts targeting the TCMAN GIM web service. Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) can be configured to detect and block suspicious patterns of requests to the vulnerable endpoint. SIEM solutions should be configured to alert on:

1. Rate-based detection: High frequency of requests to /WS/PDAWebService.asmx from a single source
2. Pattern-based detection: Sequential or dictionary-based username patterns in SOAP requests
3. Behavioral analysis: Deviation from normal usage patterns for the PDA web service
4. Response analysis: Monitoring for patterns indicating successful enumeration attempts

Monitoring Recommendations

Deploy endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of monitoring web service activity. Implement centralized logging for all requests to the TCMAN GIM application, with particular attention to the PDA web service endpoints. Enable detailed logging of SOAP action requests and configure alerts for anomalous access patterns. Consider implementing IP-based rate limiting and geographic access controls for the affected endpoint.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-41014

Immediate Actions Required

• Review network access controls to restrict access to /WS/PDAWebService.asmx to authorized IP ranges only
• Implement rate limiting on the PDA web service endpoint to slow down enumeration attempts
• Deploy WAF rules to detect and block user enumeration patterns
• Enable enhanced logging and monitoring for the affected endpoint
• Conduct an audit of user accounts that may have been exposed to enumeration attacks

Patch Information

Organizations running TCMAN GIM v11 version 20250304 should contact TCMAN directly for patch availability and upgrade guidance. Refer to the INCIBE-CERT advisory for the latest information on security updates and vendor recommendations.

Workarounds

Until a patch is available, organizations should implement compensating controls to reduce the risk of exploitation. Network-level access restrictions should be applied to limit exposure of the vulnerable endpoint. Consider implementing application-level controls such as CAPTCHA or account lockout mechanisms to impede automated enumeration attempts.

# Example: Restrict access to the vulnerable endpoint using firewall rules
# Allow only trusted internal networks to access the PDA web service
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -d /path/WS/PDAWebService.asmx -s 10.0.0.0/8 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -d /path/WS/PDAWebService.asmx -j DROP

# Example: Web server configuration to add rate limiting (nginx)
location /WS/PDAWebService.asmx {
    limit_req zone=pdaservice burst=5 nodelay;
    # Additional security headers
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
    add_header X-Frame-Options DENY;
}