CVE-2025-41004: Patient Records Management SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-41004 Overview

Imaster's Patient Records Management System contains a SQL Injection vulnerability in the endpoint /projects/hospital/admin/complaints.php through the id parameter. This flaw allows attackers with low-level privileges to inject malicious SQL queries, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive patient data, modification of medical records, and complete compromise of the underlying database.

Critical Impact

Exploitation of this SQL Injection vulnerability in a healthcare records management system could result in exposure of protected health information (PHI), data manipulation, and potential HIPAA compliance violations.

Affected Products

• Imaster Patient Records Management System

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-01-12 - CVE CVE-2025-41004 published to NVD
• 2026-01-13 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-41004

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command), commonly known as SQL Injection. The vulnerable endpoint accepts user-supplied input through the id parameter without proper sanitization or parameterized queries, allowing attackers to manipulate database queries.

Healthcare management systems are particularly sensitive targets for SQL Injection attacks due to the confidential nature of patient data. An attacker exploiting this vulnerability could extract patient medical records, modify treatment information, or escalate their access within the system. The network-accessible nature of the vulnerability means it can be exploited remotely, increasing the attack surface significantly.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is the failure to properly sanitize or parameterize user input in the id parameter of the complaints.php endpoint. When user-supplied data is directly concatenated into SQL queries without validation, attackers can inject arbitrary SQL commands that the database will execute.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-based and requires only low-level privileges to exploit. An authenticated attacker can craft malicious requests to the /projects/hospital/admin/complaints.php endpoint, manipulating the id parameter to inject SQL commands. No user interaction is required for exploitation, and successful attacks can lead to complete compromise of data confidentiality, integrity, and availability within the affected database.

The vulnerability can be exploited by appending SQL syntax to the id parameter value. An attacker might use techniques such as UNION-based injection to extract data from other tables, boolean-based blind injection to enumerate database contents, or stacked queries to execute additional SQL statements including data modification or deletion commands. For detailed technical information, refer to the INCIBE Security Notice.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-41004

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual SQL error messages in application logs from the complaints.php endpoint
• Anomalous database queries containing UNION, SELECT, or other SQL keywords in URL parameters
• Unexpected spikes in database query execution times indicating time-based blind injection attempts
• Access logs showing requests to /projects/hospital/admin/complaints.php with encoded or suspicious id parameter values

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAF) with SQL Injection detection rules targeting the affected endpoint
• Implement database activity monitoring to detect anomalous query patterns
• Enable detailed logging for the complaints.php endpoint to capture all parameter values
• Utilize SentinelOne Singularity to detect malicious database interactions and exploitation attempts

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor HTTP request logs for suspicious characters and SQL keywords in the id parameter
• Set up alerts for database errors originating from the complaints management module
• Track authentication patterns for accounts accessing the admin complaints interface
• Review database audit logs for unauthorized data access or modification attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-41004

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the /projects/hospital/admin/complaints.php endpoint to trusted IP addresses
• Implement additional authentication controls for the admin complaints functionality
• Deploy a WAF with SQL Injection blocking rules as a temporary protective measure
• Review database access logs for signs of prior exploitation

Patch Information

No official patch information is currently available from the vendor. Organizations should monitor the INCIBE Security Notice for updates and vendor response regarding security fixes.

Workarounds

• Implement prepared statements or parameterized queries at the application level if source code access is available
• Use input validation to whitelist only numeric values for the id parameter
• Deploy network-level access controls to limit exposure of the administrative interface
• Consider temporarily disabling the complaints functionality until a patch is available

# Example WAF rule to block SQL Injection attempts on the affected endpoint
# ModSecurity configuration
SecRule REQUEST_URI "@contains /projects/hospital/admin/complaints.php" \
  "id:1001,phase:2,deny,status:403,chain"
  SecRule ARGS:id "@detectSQLi" \
    "log,msg:'SQL Injection attempt blocked on complaints.php'"