CVE-2025-40717: Quiter Gateway SQL Injection Vulnerability

CVE-2025-40717 Overview

CVE-2025-40717 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability affecting Quiter Gateway versions prior to 4.7.0. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to retrieve, create, update, and delete database records through malicious input to the pagina.filter.categoria mensaje parameter in the /QuiterGatewayWeb/api/v1/sucesospagina API endpoint. Successful exploitation grants attackers full control over the application's database, potentially leading to data exfiltration, data manipulation, and complete system compromise.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can perform arbitrary database operations including data theft, modification, and deletion through SQL injection in the Quiter Gateway API.

Affected Products

• Quiter Gateway versions prior to 4.7.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-07-08 - CVE-2025-40717 published to NVD
• 2025-10-18 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-40717

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability exists in the Quiter Gateway web application's API layer. The vulnerable endpoint /QuiterGatewayWeb/api/v1/sucesospagina fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the pagina.filter.categoria mensaje parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries. This lack of input validation allows attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands that are then executed by the underlying database engine with the privileges of the application's database user.

The network-accessible nature of this API endpoint means that attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely without any prior authentication or user interaction. The impact extends to complete compromise of database confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as attackers can read sensitive data, modify records, or delete entire database tables.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2025-40717 is improper input validation and lack of parameterized queries (CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command). The application directly concatenates user-controlled input from the pagina.filter.categoria mensaje parameter into SQL queries without proper sanitization or the use of prepared statements, allowing malicious SQL syntax to alter the intended query logic.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, requiring no authentication or user interaction. An attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests to the vulnerable API endpoint, injecting SQL commands through the pagina.filter.categoria mensaje parameter. The injected commands are executed directly against the database, allowing the attacker to:

1. Extract sensitive data from the database using UNION-based or blind SQL injection techniques
2. Modify existing records or insert malicious data
3. Delete database tables or records
4. Potentially escalate privileges or execute operating system commands depending on database configuration

The vulnerable endpoint accepts unauthenticated requests, making this vulnerability particularly dangerous as no prior access to the system is required for exploitation.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-40717

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed requests to /QuiterGatewayWeb/api/v1/sucesospagina containing SQL syntax characters such as single quotes, double dashes, semicolons, or UNION keywords
• Database error messages in application logs indicating SQL syntax errors from the affected endpoint
• Unexpected database queries or access patterns originating from the web application user account
• Evidence of data exfiltration or unauthorized modifications to database records

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the vulnerable endpoint
• Monitor application and database logs for suspicious query patterns, error messages, or unauthorized data access
• Deploy network-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for SQL injection attack payloads
• Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focusing on API endpoints

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging for the /QuiterGatewayWeb/api/v1/sucesospagina endpoint and monitor for anomalous request patterns
• Configure database audit logging to track queries executed by the application user account
• Set up alerts for database error rates that may indicate exploitation attempts
• Monitor for unusual outbound data transfers that could indicate data exfiltration

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-40717

Immediate Actions Required

• Upgrade Quiter Gateway to version 4.7.0 or later immediately
• If immediate patching is not possible, restrict network access to the vulnerable API endpoint using firewall rules
• Review database logs for evidence of prior exploitation and assess potential data compromise
• Implement input validation and WAF rules as an interim protective measure

Patch Information

The vendor has addressed this vulnerability in Quiter Gateway version 4.7.0. Organizations should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the SQL injection vulnerability. For additional details, refer to the INCIBE Security Notice.

Workarounds

• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection detection rules to filter malicious requests to the vulnerable endpoint
• Restrict access to the /QuiterGatewayWeb/api/v1/sucesospagina endpoint to trusted IP addresses only using network-level access controls
• Implement additional input validation at the application layer to reject requests containing SQL metacharacters
• Consider temporarily disabling the affected API endpoint if it is not critical to business operations until patching can be completed

# Example: Block access to vulnerable endpoint using iptables (adjust as needed)
# Restrict access to Quiter Gateway API from untrusted networks
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -s <trusted_ip_range> -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP