CVE-2025-40666: Tcman Gim SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-40666 Overview

CVE-2025-40666 is a time-based blind SQL injection vulnerability discovered in TCMAN's GIM (Gestión Integral de Mantenimiento) version 11. This vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to retrieve, create, update, and delete database contents by exploiting improper input sanitization in the ArbolID parameter within the /GIMWeb/PC/frmPreventivosList.aspx endpoint.

Critical Impact

Successful exploitation enables attackers with low-privilege network access to fully compromise database integrity and confidentiality, potentially leading to complete data exfiltration, unauthorized modifications, or destruction of critical maintenance management records.

Affected Products

• TCMAN GIM version 11.0
• GIM Web Application (/GIMWeb/PC/frmPreventivosList.aspx endpoint)
• Organizations using TCMAN GIM for industrial maintenance management

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-05-26 - CVE-2025-40666 published to NVD
• 2025-10-10 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-40666

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command), commonly known as SQL Injection. The flaw exists in the preventive maintenance list functionality of the GIM web application, where user-supplied input through the ArbolID parameter is incorporated into SQL queries without proper sanitization or parameterization.

As a time-based blind SQL injection, attackers cannot directly observe query results in the application response. Instead, they must infer database information by injecting conditional statements that cause measurable time delays when certain conditions are true. This technique allows methodical extraction of database schemas, table contents, and sensitive data despite the lack of direct error messages or visible output.

The vulnerability requires low-privilege authentication to access the affected endpoint, but once authenticated, an attacker can leverage this flaw to escalate their database access significantly beyond their intended permissions.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2025-40666 lies in the failure to implement proper input validation and parameterized queries in the frmPreventivosList.aspx page. The ArbolID parameter is directly concatenated or interpolated into SQL statements, allowing attackers to inject malicious SQL syntax. This design flaw permits arbitrary SQL command execution within the context of the database user associated with the web application.

Attack Vector

The attack is conducted over the network against the GIM web application. An authenticated attacker targets the /GIMWeb/PC/frmPreventivosList.aspx endpoint by manipulating the ArbolID parameter with specially crafted SQL payloads.

The attacker injects time-delay functions (such as WAITFOR DELAY for SQL Server or SLEEP() for MySQL) combined with conditional logic. By measuring response times, the attacker can determine whether injected conditions evaluate to true or false, enabling systematic data extraction one character or bit at a time.

For example, an attacker might inject payloads that cause a 5-second delay if the first character of an administrator's password hash matches a guessed value. By iterating through possible values and observing response times, the entire password hash can be reconstructed. This same technique can enumerate database structures, extract sensitive records, and even modify or delete data through stacked queries if the database configuration permits.

For detailed technical information about this vulnerability, refer to the INCIBE CERT Security Notice.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-40666

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusually long response times from the GIM web application, particularly requests to /GIMWeb/PC/frmPreventivosList.aspx
• HTTP requests containing SQL time-delay functions (WAITFOR, SLEEP, BENCHMARK, pg_sleep) in the ArbolID parameter
• Sequential requests with incrementing or systematically varying ArbolID values indicative of automated enumeration
• Database logs showing unusual query patterns or time-intensive operations from the web application user

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block common SQL injection patterns in HTTP parameters
• Enable database query logging and alert on queries containing time-based injection signatures
• Monitor application response time anomalies that may indicate successful time-based blind SQL injection attempts
• Implement intrusion detection signatures for known SQL injection payloads targeting the ArbolID parameter

Monitoring Recommendations

• Configure real-time alerting for requests to frmPreventivosList.aspx containing special characters or SQL keywords
• Establish baseline response times for the affected endpoint and alert on statistical deviations
• Review database audit logs for unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion patterns
• Monitor for multiple sequential requests from single sources with varying parameter values

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-40666

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the GIM web application to trusted IP ranges pending patch deployment
• Implement Web Application Firewall rules to filter SQL injection attempts on the ArbolID parameter
• Review database access logs for signs of exploitation and assess potential data compromise
• Consider temporarily disabling the preventive maintenance list functionality if business impact is acceptable

Patch Information

Organizations should contact TCMAN directly for security patches addressing CVE-2025-40666. Monitor the INCIBE CERT Security Notice for updated remediation guidance. Ensure GIM version 11.0 installations are upgraded to patched versions as soon as vendor updates become available.

Workarounds

• Deploy input validation at the web server or reverse proxy level to sanitize the ArbolID parameter
• Configure database user permissions using least-privilege principles to limit potential damage from SQL injection
• Enable database query auditing to detect and respond to suspicious activity
• Implement network segmentation to isolate GIM application servers from critical infrastructure

# Example WAF rule concept for ModSecurity to block SQL time-based injection
# Add to ModSecurity configuration
SecRule ARGS:ArbolID "@rx (?i)(waitfor|sleep|benchmark|pg_sleep|delay)" \
    "id:100001,phase:2,deny,status:403,log,msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in ArbolID parameter'"