CVE-2025-40665: Tcman Gim SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-40665 Overview

CVE-2025-40665 is a time-based blind SQL injection vulnerability affecting TCMAN's GIM v11. This vulnerability allows an attacker to retrieve, create, update, and delete database contents through the ArbolID parameter in /GIMWeb/PC/frmCorrectivosList.aspx. Time-based blind SQL injection is a particularly dangerous attack vector as it allows attackers to infer database contents through carefully crafted queries that cause measurable delays in server response times.

Critical Impact

Successful exploitation enables unauthorized database manipulation including data extraction, modification, and deletion, potentially compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive business data managed by the GIM application.

Affected Products

• TCMAN GIM version 11.0
• GIM Web Application component (/GIMWeb/PC/frmCorrectivosList.aspx)
• Systems utilizing the ArbolID parameter in affected endpoints

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-05-26 - CVE-2025-40665 published to NVD
• 2025-10-10 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-40665

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability exists within the TCMAN GIM v11 web application, specifically in the frmCorrectivosList.aspx page. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command), indicating that user-supplied input through the ArbolID parameter is not properly sanitized before being incorporated into SQL queries.

Time-based blind SQL injection differs from traditional SQL injection in that the attacker does not receive direct feedback from the application. Instead, the attacker infers information by observing response time differences when injecting SQL commands that conditionally introduce delays (such as WAITFOR DELAY in MS SQL Server or SLEEP() in MySQL).

The network-based attack vector with low attack complexity means this vulnerability can be exploited remotely by authenticated users without requiring user interaction. Successful exploitation grants attackers complete control over database operations—enabling data exfiltration, record modification, and potential destruction of database contents.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2025-40665 is inadequate input validation and improper parameterization of SQL queries within the GIM web application. The ArbolID parameter value is directly concatenated or interpolated into SQL statements without proper sanitization or the use of prepared statements. This allows attackers to inject arbitrary SQL syntax that gets executed by the database engine with the application's privileges.

Attack Vector

The attack is conducted over the network against the /GIMWeb/PC/frmCorrectivosList.aspx endpoint. An authenticated attacker can manipulate the ArbolID parameter to inject time-based SQL commands. By measuring response delays, the attacker can systematically extract database schema information, enumerate table contents, and modify or delete records.

For example, an attacker could inject payloads that cause the database to delay responses when certain conditions are true, allowing them to extract data one character at a time by observing whether the response is delayed. This technique, while slower than direct SQL injection, is highly effective at bypassing security controls that only examine response content.

Technical details regarding exploitation methodology can be found in the INCIBE CERT Notice on Vulnerabilities.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-40665

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual patterns in the ArbolID parameter containing SQL syntax such as WAITFOR, SLEEP, BENCHMARK, or conditional statements
• Abnormally long HTTP response times correlating with specific requests to frmCorrectivosList.aspx
• Database logs showing unusual query patterns or time-delay functions being executed
• Multiple sequential requests to the same endpoint with incrementally varying parameter values

Detection Strategies

• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in the ArbolID parameter
• Monitor database query logs for time-delay functions (WAITFOR DELAY, SLEEP(), pg_sleep()) that may indicate exploitation attempts
• Deploy anomaly detection for HTTP response time variations that deviate from established baselines
• Enable verbose logging on the GIM web application to capture all parameter values submitted to vulnerable endpoints

Monitoring Recommendations

• Configure alerts for requests to /GIMWeb/PC/frmCorrectivosList.aspx containing suspicious characters or SQL keywords
• Establish baseline response times for the affected endpoint and alert on statistically significant deviations
• Monitor database connection pools for unusual activity patterns that may indicate automated SQL injection tools
• Review authentication logs for users making repeated requests with malformed parameters

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-40665

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the GIM application to trusted IP ranges pending patch deployment
• Implement web application firewall rules to filter SQL injection patterns in the ArbolID parameter
• Review and limit database user privileges for the GIM application to minimum necessary permissions
• Enable detailed logging for the affected endpoint to facilitate forensic analysis if exploitation is suspected

Patch Information

Organizations should consult TCMAN directly for official security patches addressing CVE-2025-40665. Refer to the INCIBE CERT Notice on Vulnerabilities for the latest vendor guidance and remediation recommendations.

Workarounds

• Deploy a reverse proxy or WAF with SQL injection filtering rules in front of the GIM application
• Implement network segmentation to isolate the GIM application from untrusted network segments
• Restrict access to the vulnerable endpoint (/GIMWeb/PC/frmCorrectivosList.aspx) using access control lists until patching is complete
• Consider temporarily disabling the affected functionality if business operations permit

# Example WAF rule for blocking SQL injection patterns (ModSecurity syntax)
SecRule ARGS:ArbolID "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:100001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    log,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in ArbolID parameter - CVE-2025-40665'"