CVE-2025-40650 Overview
CVE-2025-40650 is an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability affecting Clickedu, an education management platform. The flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to retrieve student report card information by manipulating object identifiers in application requests. The weakness is tracked under CWE-639: Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key.
The vulnerability is exploitable over the network without privileges or user interaction. Successful exploitation results in confidentiality loss involving minors' academic records, which carries regulatory implications under GDPR and similar data protection regimes.
Critical Impact
Remote, unauthenticated attackers can enumerate object references to access student report cards held in Clickedu, exposing sensitive academic and personal data of minors.
Affected Products
- Clickedu education management platform
- Specific affected versions were not enumerated in the NVD record
- Refer to the INCIBE Security Notice for vendor-confirmed scope
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-05-26 - CVE-2025-40650 published to NVD
- 2026-04-15 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-40650
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability stems from missing authorization checks on requests that reference student report card objects. The Clickedu application accepts a user-controlled identifier, such as a report card ID or student ID, and returns the associated record without verifying that the requester is authorized to view it. This pattern matches the definition of CWE-639.
An attacker reaches the vulnerable endpoint over the network and supplies sequential or guessed identifiers. The server returns report card content for any identifier that exists, bypassing the parent, student, teacher, and administrator role boundaries that the application is expected to enforce.
Report cards typically contain full names, academic grades, attendance, behavioral notes, and teacher commentary. Because Clickedu serves K–12 institutions, the disclosed data describes minors, which elevates the privacy impact beyond a standard information disclosure.
Root Cause
The root cause is broken object-level authorization. The application trusts the object identifier supplied in the request and does not cross-check it against the authenticated session context or, in this case, requires no authentication at all on the affected path. Access decisions are tied to whether the object exists rather than whether the caller is entitled to read it.
Attack Vector
Exploitation requires only an HTTP client capable of issuing requests to the Clickedu web application. An attacker identifies the endpoint that serves report card data, observes the identifier format, and iterates through values. No credentials, multi-factor prompts, or social engineering are required. The current EPSS probability is approximately 0.32%.
No verified public proof-of-concept code is referenced in the advisory, and the vulnerability is described in prose by INCIBE-CERT rather than through exploit artifacts.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-40650
Indicators of Compromise
- Sequential or rapidly incrementing numeric identifiers in URL paths or query parameters targeting report card endpoints
- High-volume GET requests from a single source IP returning HTTP 200 responses with report card payloads
- Requests for report card resources without a preceding authenticated session or referrer from internal pages
- Outbound responses with anomalous response sizes consistent with bulk record retrieval
Detection Strategies
- Inspect web server and application logs for enumeration patterns against any endpoint that resolves student records by ID
- Correlate request rate and response status per source IP to surface scripted access
- Validate that every report card response is preceded by a successful authorization event tied to a parent, student, or staff role
- Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule that flags high cardinality of unique object identifiers from one client
Monitoring Recommendations
- Forward Clickedu access logs to a centralized analytics platform for anomaly baselining
- Alert on identifier ranges accessed outside the expected scope of any given account
- Track first-time access to report card resources by accounts that historically do not query them
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-40650
Immediate Actions Required
- Contact Clickedu support to confirm the patched version and apply it on all tenant deployments
- Review access logs since the publication date for evidence of identifier enumeration
- Notify affected data subjects in line with GDPR Article 33 and 34 obligations if exposure is confirmed
- Restrict network access to the Clickedu application to known school IP ranges where operationally feasible
Patch Information
The NVD record does not list a specific fixed version. Administrators should consult the INCIBE Security Notice and engage the Clickedu vendor directly for remediated build identifiers and deployment instructions.
Workarounds
- Place the application behind a WAF that enforces per-session object identifier scope
- Rotate report card identifiers to non-sequential, high-entropy values (e.g., UUIDv4) to defeat enumeration
- Apply rate limiting on report card endpoints to slow automated scraping
- Audit role-based access control policies and add server-side ownership checks on every record retrieval
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
