CVE-2025-40650: ClickEdu IDOR Information Disclosure Flaw

CVE-2025-40650 Overview

CVE-2025-40650 is an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in Clickedu, an education management platform. The flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to retrieve student report card information by manipulating object identifiers exposed in application requests. The vulnerability maps to CWE-639: Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key. It is exploitable over the network with low attack complexity and no user interaction.

Critical Impact

Attackers can access confidential student academic records belonging to other users, resulting in unauthorized disclosure of personal and educational data.

Affected Products

• Clickedu education management platform
• Web-facing report card retrieval endpoints in Clickedu
• Tenant deployments of Clickedu hosting student academic records

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-05-26 - CVE-2025-40650 published to NVD
• 2026-04-15 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-40650

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability is an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) affecting Clickedu. The application exposes internal object identifiers, such as report card or student record IDs, through request parameters. The server fails to verify that the authenticated session, or the requesting party, has rights to the referenced resource. As a result, modifying the identifier in a request returns data belonging to another student.

IDOR flaws like this one fall under broken access control. The application relies on the user-supplied key to locate the resource but does not perform a corresponding authorization check. The impact is confined to confidentiality, since integrity and availability are unaffected by the data retrieval path. The report card content typically includes grades, evaluations, and identifying information about minors.

Root Cause

The root cause is missing object-level authorization on report card retrieval functionality. The backend trusts client-supplied identifiers and returns the matching record without confirming ownership or role-based access. [CWE-639] specifically describes this pattern where access keys are user-controlled and not validated server-side.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based and requires no privileges or user interaction. An attacker submits crafted HTTP requests to the vulnerable endpoint, iterating or guessing record identifiers. Each successful response discloses another student's report card. The technical details are described in the INCIBE Security Notice.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-40650

Indicators of Compromise

• Sequential or enumerated identifier values in request parameters targeting report card or student record endpoints.
• High volumes of GET requests to record retrieval URLs from a single source IP or session.
• HTTP 200 responses to requests for record IDs not associated with the authenticated user account.
• Anomalous data egress volumes from the Clickedu application tier to external addresses.

Detection Strategies

• Inspect web server and application logs for repeated requests to record endpoints with varying numeric identifiers.
• Correlate authenticated session identities against the resource IDs returned in responses to find mismatches.
• Deploy web application firewall rules that flag identifier enumeration patterns and excessive parameter iteration.

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable verbose access logging on Clickedu endpoints that handle student records and retain logs for forensic review.
• Alert on response payloads containing student personal data sent to sessions outside expected role boundaries.
• Track per-account request rates and trigger investigations when a single account retrieves an unusually large number of records.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-40650

Immediate Actions Required

• Contact Clickedu support to confirm whether your tenant has received the vendor fix for CVE-2025-40650.
• Review access logs for the period prior to remediation to identify potential exposure of student records.
• Notify affected data subjects in accordance with applicable privacy regulations if unauthorized access is confirmed.

Patch Information

Refer to the INCIBE Security Notice for vendor coordination details. Apply any updates supplied by Clickedu addressing object-level authorization on report card retrieval endpoints. As a SaaS platform, remediation is typically applied centrally by the vendor.

Workarounds

• Restrict access to the Clickedu application to known IP ranges where feasible, reducing exposure to anonymous probing.
• Disable or limit external access to report card features until the vendor confirms the authorization fix is deployed.
• Rotate any session tokens or API keys that may have been used in conjunction with the vulnerable endpoints.

# Configuration example
# Example reverse-proxy rule to log and rate-limit access to report card endpoints
# Adjust the location path to match your Clickedu deployment
location ~* /reportcard/ {
    limit_req zone=reportcard burst=10 nodelay;
    access_log /var/log/nginx/reportcard_access.log;
    proxy_pass https://clickedu-backend;
}