CVE-2025-40635: Comerzzia Backoffice SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-40635 Overview

CVE-2025-40635 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability affecting Comerzzia Backoffice: Sales Orchestrator version 3.0.15. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to retrieve, create, update, and delete database contents by injecting malicious SQL commands through vulnerable parameters in the login endpoint. The flaw resides in improper input validation of the uidActivity, codCompany, and uidInstance parameters submitted to the /comerzzia/login endpoint.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can achieve complete database compromise including data theft, modification, and deletion through SQL injection in the login endpoint parameters.

Affected Products

• Comerzzia Backoffice: Sales Orchestrator 3.0.15

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-05-20 - CVE-2025-40635 published to NVD
• 2025-05-21 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-40635

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-89) exists due to insufficient input validation and sanitization in the Comerzzia Backoffice login functionality. When user-supplied data is passed through the uidActivity, codCompany, and uidInstance parameters to the /comerzzia/login endpoint, the application fails to properly sanitize or parameterize these inputs before incorporating them into SQL queries. This allows attackers to break out of the intended query structure and execute arbitrary SQL commands against the underlying database.

The vulnerability is particularly severe because it exists in the login endpoint, which is typically exposed to unauthenticated users. This means attackers do not require any prior authentication or privileges to exploit this flaw. Successful exploitation grants full control over database operations including SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE commands.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2025-40635 is improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands (CWE-89). The application constructs SQL queries by directly concatenating user-supplied input from the uidActivity, codCompany, and uidInstance parameters without proper input validation, sanitization, or use of parameterized queries. This allows SQL metacharacters to be interpreted as query syntax rather than literal data values.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-based and can be executed remotely without authentication. An attacker crafts malicious HTTP requests to the /comerzzia/login endpoint, embedding SQL injection payloads within the vulnerable parameters. The attack flow typically involves:

1. Identifying the vulnerable endpoint at /comerzzia/login
2. Crafting SQL injection payloads targeting the uidActivity, codCompany, or uidInstance parameters
3. Submitting the malicious request and observing the application's response to confirm injection success
4. Extracting sensitive data, modifying records, or deleting database contents depending on attacker objectives

The vulnerability can be exploited through various SQL injection techniques including UNION-based injection for data extraction, blind SQL injection using boolean or time-based responses, and stacked queries for data manipulation operations. For technical details and additional information, refer to the INCIBE SQL Injection Notice.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-40635

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed requests to the /comerzzia/login endpoint containing SQL syntax characters such as single quotes, double dashes, semicolons, or UNION keywords
• Database error messages appearing in application responses or logs indicating query syntax errors
• Unexpected database queries or operations in database audit logs originating from the web application
• Evidence of data exfiltration or unauthorized database modifications in transaction logs

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in requests to the Comerzzia login endpoint
• Enable detailed logging on the /comerzzia/login endpoint and monitor for parameter values containing SQL keywords or metacharacters
• Implement database query logging and alerting for unusual query patterns or unauthorized data access attempts
• Use network intrusion detection systems with signatures for common SQL injection attack patterns

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor HTTP request logs for the /comerzzia/login endpoint, specifically analyzing the uidActivity, codCompany, and uidInstance parameters for injection attempts
• Enable database audit logging to track all queries executed against sensitive tables and alert on suspicious activity
• Set up alerts for increased error rates or unusual response sizes from the login endpoint that may indicate exploitation attempts
• Review web server access logs regularly for patterns indicating automated SQL injection scanning tools

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-40635

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the Comerzzia Backoffice application to trusted IP addresses only until a patch is available
• Deploy Web Application Firewall rules to block SQL injection payloads targeting the /comerzzia/login endpoint
• Implement input validation at the network perimeter to filter requests containing SQL metacharacters in the affected parameters
• Review database permissions to ensure the application uses a least-privilege database account that cannot perform destructive operations

Patch Information

Organizations should consult the vendor or the INCIBE SQL Injection Notice for official patch availability and remediation guidance. Contact Comerzzia support to obtain security updates for Sales Orchestrator 3.0.15 that address this SQL injection vulnerability.

Workarounds

• Implement a reverse proxy or WAF with SQL injection filtering rules in front of the Comerzzia application
• Restrict access to the /comerzzia/login endpoint using IP allowlists or VPN requirements
• If source code access is available, implement parameterized queries or prepared statements for all database interactions involving the affected parameters
• Consider temporarily disabling the affected login functionality if alternative authentication mechanisms exist

# Example WAF rule to block SQL injection in Comerzzia login parameters
# ModSecurity rule example
SecRule ARGS:uidActivity|ARGS:codCompany|ARGS:uidInstance "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:100001,phase:2,deny,status:403,log,msg:'SQL Injection attempt blocked on Comerzzia login'"