CVE-2025-40624: Tcman GIM SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-40624 Overview

CVE-2025-40624 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability discovered in TCMAN's GIM (Gestión Integral de Mantenimiento) version 11. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to inject malicious SQL statements through the User and email parameters of the updatePassword endpoint, potentially enabling complete database compromise including data extraction, modification, and deletion.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can gain full control over the database, allowing them to obtain, update, and delete all stored information without requiring any credentials.

Affected Products

• TCMAN GIM version 11.0
• updatePassword endpoint vulnerable via User parameter
• updatePassword endpoint vulnerable via email parameter

Discovery Timeline

• May 6, 2025 - CVE-2025-40624 published to NVD
• May 13, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-40624

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL Injection vulnerability exists in the password reset functionality of TCMAN GIM v11. The updatePassword endpoint fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in both the User and email parameters before incorporating them into SQL queries. This lack of input validation allows attackers to break out of the intended query structure and inject arbitrary SQL commands.

The vulnerability is particularly severe because it requires no authentication to exploit. An attacker can simply send crafted requests to the updatePassword endpoint with malicious SQL payloads in either the User or email parameter fields. The network-accessible nature of this attack surface combined with the low complexity required for exploitation makes this a high-priority security concern for any organization running TCMAN GIM v11.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2025-40624 is improper input validation (CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command). The application constructs SQL queries by directly concatenating user-supplied input without proper sanitization or parameterization. The updatePassword endpoint accepts the User and email parameters and incorporates them into database queries without escaping special characters or using prepared statements, allowing attackers to manipulate query logic.

Attack Vector

The attack vector for this vulnerability is network-based and requires no authentication. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by:

1. Identifying the updatePassword endpoint in the TCMAN GIM application
2. Crafting HTTP requests with SQL injection payloads in the User or email parameters
3. Submitting the malicious requests to extract sensitive data, modify records, or delete database content

The vulnerability allows for classic SQL injection techniques including UNION-based attacks for data extraction, boolean-based blind injection for enumerating database structure, and time-based blind injection for confirming vulnerability existence. Since the endpoint is designed for password reset functionality, it is typically exposed to unauthenticated users, expanding the attack surface significantly.

For technical details on the vulnerability mechanism and affected parameters, see the INCIBE Security Notice.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-40624

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed requests to the updatePassword endpoint containing SQL syntax characters such as single quotes, double dashes, or UNION keywords
• Abnormal database query patterns or errors in application logs indicating SQL parsing failures
• Unexpected data access patterns or bulk data retrieval from the database
• Signs of data modification or deletion without corresponding legitimate user activity

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block common SQL injection patterns in HTTP request parameters
• Monitor application logs for SQL error messages that may indicate injection attempts
• Deploy database activity monitoring to identify anomalous query patterns targeting the GIM application database
• Use intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for SQL injection attack patterns

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging on the TCMAN GIM application with focus on the updatePassword endpoint
• Configure alerts for repeated failed or malformed requests to password reset functionality
• Monitor database audit logs for unusual SELECT, UPDATE, or DELETE operations originating from the GIM application
• Implement real-time alerting for any database schema enumeration attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-40624

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the updatePassword endpoint using firewall rules or network segmentation until a patch is available
• Implement Web Application Firewall rules to filter SQL injection patterns in the User and email parameters
• Review database access logs for signs of prior exploitation
• Consider temporarily disabling the password reset functionality if business operations permit

Patch Information

Organizations should consult the INCIBE Security Notice for the latest information on vendor patches and updates. Contact TCMAN directly for specific patch availability and upgrade guidance for GIM v11.

Workarounds

• Deploy input validation at the network edge using a WAF with SQL injection detection rules
• Implement IP-based access controls to limit who can reach the vulnerable endpoint
• Use database-level security controls to restrict the GIM application's database permissions to the minimum required
• Consider implementing a reverse proxy with request filtering capabilities to sanitize incoming parameters

# Example WAF rule to block common SQL injection patterns (ModSecurity syntax)
SecRule ARGS:User|ARGS:email "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:100001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    log,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in updatePassword endpoint',\
    tag:'CVE-2025-40624'"