CVE-2025-40623: Tcman Gim SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-40623 Overview

CVE-2025-40623 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability affecting TCMAN's GIM (version 11). This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to inject malicious SQL statements to obtain, update, and delete all information in the database. The vulnerability exists in the Sender and email parameters of the createNotificationAndroid endpoint, enabling complete database compromise without requiring any authentication.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can achieve full database access including data extraction, modification, and deletion through the vulnerable createNotificationAndroid endpoint.

Affected Products

• TCMAN GIM version 11.0
• TCMAN GIM v11 (all builds)

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-05-06 - CVE-2025-40623 published to NVD
• 2025-05-13 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-40623

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-89) exists in TCMAN's GIM v11 application, specifically within the createNotificationAndroid endpoint. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting malicious SQL code through improperly sanitized input parameters. Because no authentication is required to exploit this flaw, attackers can directly interact with the backend database to read sensitive information, modify existing records, or completely delete database contents.

The attack surface is network-accessible, meaning any attacker with network access to the GIM application can exploit this vulnerability. The lack of input validation on the Sender and email parameters creates a direct path for SQL injection attacks that bypass all authentication controls.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2025-40623 is improper input validation and insufficient sanitization of user-supplied data in the createNotificationAndroid endpoint. The Sender and email parameters are concatenated directly into SQL queries without proper parameterization or escaping, allowing attackers to break out of the intended query context and execute arbitrary SQL commands. This classic SQL injection pattern indicates that prepared statements or parameterized queries were not implemented for handling user input in the vulnerable code path.

Attack Vector

The attack is executed remotely over the network by sending specially crafted HTTP requests to the createNotificationAndroid endpoint. An attacker constructs malicious payloads within the Sender or email parameters that modify the SQL query logic executed by the backend database. Since no authentication is required, the attacker can directly target the endpoint without first obtaining credentials.

A typical exploitation scenario involves manipulating the parameter values to include SQL syntax that terminates the original query and appends attacker-controlled commands. Techniques such as UNION-based injection can extract data from other tables, while stacked queries (if supported by the database) could allow data modification or deletion operations.

The vulnerability mechanism involves sending malicious input through the Sender or email parameters to the createNotificationAndroid endpoint. The backend fails to sanitize this input before incorporating it into SQL queries, allowing attackers to manipulate query logic. For detailed technical information, refer to the INCIBE Security Advisory.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-40623

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed requests to the createNotificationAndroid endpoint containing SQL syntax characters such as single quotes, semicolons, or SQL keywords
• Database query logs showing unexpected UNION SELECT statements or attempts to access system tables
• Anomalous database activity including bulk data extraction, unauthorized modifications, or deletion operations
• Web application logs revealing repeated requests to the vulnerable endpoint with varying payload structures

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block common SQL injection patterns targeting the Sender and email parameters
• Deploy database activity monitoring to alert on unusual query patterns, particularly those involving UNION operations or access to sensitive system tables
• Configure intrusion detection systems (IDS) to flag HTTP requests containing SQL injection payloads directed at the createNotificationAndroid endpoint
• Enable detailed logging on the GIM application to capture all requests to the vulnerable endpoint for forensic analysis

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor all inbound HTTP traffic to the createNotificationAndroid endpoint for suspicious parameter values
• Implement real-time alerting on database queries that deviate from expected patterns or access unauthorized tables
• Regularly review web server and application logs for evidence of reconnaissance or exploitation attempts
• Establish baseline metrics for normal API usage patterns to identify anomalous activity

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-40623

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the createNotificationAndroid endpoint using firewall rules or network segmentation until a patch is applied
• Implement input validation and WAF rules to block SQL injection attempts targeting the Sender and email parameters
• Review database permissions to ensure the application account has minimal required privileges, limiting potential damage from exploitation
• Audit database logs for any evidence of prior exploitation and assess data integrity

Patch Information

Organizations should consult the INCIBE Security Advisory for the latest information regarding patches and updates from TCMAN. Contact the vendor directly for guidance on obtaining and applying security fixes for GIM v11.

Workarounds

• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) configured to detect and block SQL injection patterns in requests to the vulnerable endpoint
• Implement network-level access controls to restrict which hosts can reach the createNotificationAndroid endpoint
• If feasible, disable or remove the createNotificationAndroid functionality until a vendor patch is available
• Apply input validation at the application layer to reject requests containing SQL metacharacters in the Sender and email parameters

# Example WAF rule concept for blocking SQL injection on vulnerable parameters
# Adjust syntax based on your specific WAF platform
# Block requests to createNotificationAndroid containing SQL injection patterns
SecRule ARGS:Sender|ARGS:email "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1001,phase:2,deny,status:403,msg:'SQL Injection attempt blocked on GIM endpoint'"