CVE-2025-3572: Intumit Smartrobot SSRF Vulnerability

CVE-2025-3572 Overview

SmartRobot from INTUMIT contains a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability that enables unauthenticated remote attackers to probe internal networks and access arbitrary local files on the server. This vulnerability allows malicious actors to leverage the server as a proxy to reach internal systems that would otherwise be inaccessible from external networks, potentially exposing sensitive configuration files, credentials, and internal service endpoints.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this SSRF vulnerability to bypass network security controls, access internal resources, and read sensitive files from the server without requiring any prior authentication.

Affected Products

• INTUMIT SmartRobot (all versions)

Discovery Timeline

• April 14, 2025 - CVE-2025-3572 published to NVD
• March 02, 2026 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-3572

Vulnerability Analysis

This Server-Side Request Forgery (CWE-918) vulnerability in INTUMIT SmartRobot allows attackers to manipulate the server into making requests to unintended locations. The application fails to properly validate and sanitize user-supplied URLs or request parameters before using them to initiate server-side HTTP requests. This enables attackers to craft malicious requests that cause the server to interact with internal network resources or read local files using file protocol handlers.

The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it requires no authentication, meaning any external attacker with network access to the SmartRobot application can exploit it. The attack can be performed remotely over the network with low complexity, requiring no user interaction.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability lies in insufficient input validation of user-controlled URL parameters. When the SmartRobot application processes requests that include URL inputs, it fails to implement proper allowlisting of permitted destinations or protocols. This allows attackers to specify arbitrary URLs including internal IP addresses (such as 127.0.0.1, 10.x.x.x, 192.168.x.x, 172.16.x.x ranges), internal hostnames, and file protocol handlers (file://) that should not be accessible from external requests.

Attack Vector

The attack is executed remotely over the network. An unauthenticated attacker can submit crafted requests to the vulnerable SmartRobot endpoint with manipulated URL parameters pointing to internal network addresses or local file paths. The server then processes these requests and returns the response content to the attacker.

Common exploitation scenarios include:

• Internal Network Scanning: Attackers can enumerate internal services by making requests to various internal IP addresses and ports, identifying active hosts and services behind the firewall.

• Local File Access: Using file:// protocol handlers, attackers can read sensitive local files such as /etc/passwd, configuration files, or application credentials stored on the server.

• Cloud Metadata Service Access: In cloud environments, attackers can access instance metadata endpoints (e.g., http://169.254.169.254/) to retrieve sensitive cloud credentials and configuration data.

For detailed technical information, see the TWCERT Security Advisory.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-3572

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual outbound requests from the SmartRobot server to internal IP address ranges (10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16, 127.0.0.0/8)
• Server-side requests to cloud metadata endpoints (169.254.169.254)
• Requests containing file:// protocol handlers in URL parameters
• Repeated connection attempts to various internal ports from the SmartRobot server
• Access logs showing URL parameters with internal or localhost addresses

Detection Strategies

• Monitor application logs for requests containing internal IP addresses, localhost references, or file protocol handlers in URL parameters
• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SSRF patterns in incoming requests
• Use network monitoring to detect unusual outbound connections from web servers to internal network segments
• Deploy SentinelOne Singularity to detect anomalous server-side request patterns and potential data exfiltration attempts

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging on the SmartRobot application to capture all incoming request parameters
• Configure alerts for any requests from the SmartRobot server to RFC 1918 private IP addresses
• Monitor for file system access attempts to sensitive paths such as /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, and application configuration directories
• Implement network segmentation monitoring to detect lateral movement attempts originating from the SmartRobot server

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-3572

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the SmartRobot application to only trusted IP ranges until a patch is applied
• Implement network-level controls to prevent the SmartRobot server from initiating connections to internal network segments
• Deploy a web application firewall with SSRF protection rules to filter malicious requests
• Review server logs for signs of exploitation and investigate any suspicious access patterns

Patch Information

Organizations should monitor the TWCERT Security Advisory and the TWCERT Incident Report for official patch announcements from INTUMIT. Contact INTUMIT support directly for the latest security updates and patching guidance for SmartRobot.

Workarounds

• Implement strict URL allowlisting at the application or proxy level, permitting only explicitly approved external destinations
• Block outbound connections from the SmartRobot server to internal network ranges and cloud metadata services using firewall rules
• Deploy network segmentation to isolate the SmartRobot server from sensitive internal resources
• Configure the server's DNS resolver to not resolve internal hostnames for the SmartRobot application

# Example firewall rules to block SSRF attempts (iptables)
# Block outbound connections to private IP ranges from the web server
iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner www-data -d 10.0.0.0/8 -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner www-data -d 172.16.0.0/12 -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner www-data -d 192.168.0.0/16 -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner www-data -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --uid-owner www-data -d 169.254.169.254/32 -j DROP