CVE-2025-30706: Oracle MySQL Connectors Privilege Escalation

CVE-2025-30706 Overview

CVE-2025-30706 affects the Oracle MySQL Connectors product, specifically the Connector/J component used by Java applications to communicate with MySQL databases. The flaw impacts supported versions 9.0.0 through 9.2.0 and is associated with [CWE-276: Incorrect Default Permissions]. A low-privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols can exploit the weakness to compromise MySQL Connectors. Successful exploitation results in takeover of the Connector, affecting confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Oracle addressed the issue in the April 2025 Critical Patch Update.

Critical Impact
Successful exploitation results in full takeover of MySQL Connectors, exposing data passing through the connector and enabling integrity and availability impacts on dependent applications.

Affected Products

Oracle MySQL Connectors 9.0.0
Oracle MySQL Connectors 9.1.0
Oracle MySQL Connectors 9.2.0 (Connector/J)

Discovery Timeline

2025-04-15 - Oracle published the vulnerability in the April 2025 Critical Patch Update
2025-04-15 - CVE-2025-30706 published to NVD
2025-04-21 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-30706

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability resides in Oracle MySQL Connector/J, the official Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) driver for MySQL. Connector/J handles authentication, query transport, and result parsing between Java applications and MySQL servers. Oracle classifies the issue under [CWE-276: Incorrect Default Permissions], indicating that the component ships with permission settings that do not enforce the security boundaries expected for a database driver.

According to Oracle, an attacker with low privileges and network access via multiple protocols can exploit the flaw. The exploit complexity is high, requiring specific conditions to align before the takeover succeeds. The scope remains unchanged, but the impact extends to all three CIA properties — the attacker can read sensitive data flowing through the connector, modify in-transit data or driver behavior, and disrupt availability of the connector itself.

Root Cause

The root cause is rooted in default permission handling within Connector/J versions 9.0.0 through 9.2.0. Oracle has not published implementation-level details, consistent with its Critical Patch Update disclosure practice. [CWE-276] weaknesses typically arise when a component grants broader access rights than intended during initialization, configuration loading, or class instantiation.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based and leverages multiple protocols supported by the Connector. An attacker requires authenticated low-privileged access to the environment where the connector operates or interacts. No user interaction is required. Because exploitation is rated as high complexity, attackers must satisfy specific runtime preconditions before they can pivot to full Connector takeover.

No verified exploitation code is publicly available. Refer to the Oracle Critical Patch Update and the NetApp Security Advisory NTAP-20250418-0007 for vendor-validated technical details.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-30706

Indicators of Compromise

Unexpected outbound MySQL protocol connections originating from Java application servers using Connector/J 9.0.0–9.2.0.
Anomalous JDBC driver class loading or reflection events in Java application logs.
Unusual database query patterns, privilege use, or session metadata produced by applications backed by vulnerable connector versions.

Detection Strategies

Inventory all Java applications and identify deployments using mysql-connector-j versions 9.0.0 through 9.2.0, including transitive dependencies in Maven and Gradle builds.
Correlate database server authentication logs with application telemetry to flag low-privilege accounts performing unexpected operations through the connector.
Monitor network telemetry for non-standard MySQL protocol exchanges from hosts running Java workloads.

Monitoring Recommendations

Enable verbose MySQL audit logging on database servers to capture session details from connector-driven clients.
Track JAR-level software bill of materials (SBOM) data so vulnerable Connector/J versions are flagged automatically on every build.
Alert on changes to JDBC connection strings, driver replacement events, or new database protocols opened by application processes.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-30706

Immediate Actions Required

Upgrade Oracle MySQL Connector/J to the fixed version distributed in the Oracle April 2025 Critical Patch Update.
Identify and replace all bundled copies of mysql-connector-j9.0.0–9.2.0 in application artifacts, container images, and shaded JARs.
Restrict database account privileges so connector-driven sessions operate with the minimum permissions required.

Patch Information

Oracle released the fix as part of the April 2025 Critical Patch Update. Administrators should apply the updated Connector/J release referenced in the Oracle Critical Patch Update advisory. NetApp customers should consult the NetApp Security Advisory NTAP-20250418-0007 for product-specific guidance.

Workarounds

Limit network reachability of database servers to trusted application hosts using firewall rules and segmentation.
Enforce least-privilege MySQL accounts for application connections to limit the blast radius of a connector takeover.
Where upgrading is not yet feasible, isolate Java workloads using vulnerable connector versions on hardened, monitored hosts until patching completes.

bash

# Maven: pin Connector/J to a patched release after applying Oracle CPU April 2025
mvn dependency:tree | grep mysql-connector-j

# Update pom.xml to the fixed version published in the Oracle CPU
# <dependency>
#   <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
#   <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
#   <version>FIXED_VERSION</version>
# </dependency>