CVE-2025-30184: CyberData Intercom Auth Bypass Flaw

CVE-2025-30184 Overview

CVE-2025-30184 is a critical authentication bypass vulnerability affecting CyberData 011209 SIP Emergency Intercom devices. The vulnerability allows an unauthenticated user to gain unauthorized access to the device's Web Interface through an alternate path, completely bypassing the intended authentication mechanisms.

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-288 (Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel), indicating a fundamental flaw in the device's access control implementation. Attackers exploiting this vulnerability can gain full administrative access to the intercom system without providing valid credentials, potentially compromising physical security infrastructure.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can remotely access the administrative web interface of CyberData emergency intercom devices, enabling complete device compromise, configuration manipulation, and potential disruption of emergency communication systems.

Affected Products

• CyberData 011209 SIP Emergency Intercom Firmware (all versions)
• CyberData 011209 SIP Emergency Intercom Hardware

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-06-09 - CVE-2025-30184 published to NVD
• 2025-08-12 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-30184

Vulnerability Analysis

This authentication bypass vulnerability stems from improper access control implementation in the CyberData 011209 SIP Emergency Intercom's web management interface. The device fails to consistently enforce authentication across all accessible paths, allowing attackers to reach protected administrative functionality through alternate URL paths or entry points that bypass the normal login process.

The vulnerability is network-exploitable with no user interaction required, making it particularly dangerous for devices exposed on corporate networks or, worse, directly accessible from the internet. Emergency intercom systems are critical infrastructure components often deployed in healthcare facilities, educational institutions, and industrial environments where security is paramount.

Root Cause

The root cause is CWE-288: Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel. This occurs when a product requires authentication but provides an alternate pathway or channel that does not require authentication. In this case, the CyberData intercom's web server implementation contains routes or endpoints that can be accessed without going through the authentication middleware, allowing attackers to reach administrative functions directly.

Attack Vector

The attack is conducted over the network with low complexity. An attacker needs only to identify and access the alternate path that bypasses authentication on the device's web interface. Since no authentication or user interaction is required, the attack can be fully automated and conducted against any reachable CyberData 011209 device.

The exploitation flow typically involves:

1. Network reconnaissance to identify CyberData intercom devices
2. Discovery of alternate paths that bypass authentication
3. Direct access to administrative functions without credentials
4. Complete device compromise including configuration manipulation

Due to the sensitive nature of this vulnerability and the lack of verified public exploit code, specific technical exploitation details are not provided. Security teams should consult the CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-25-155-01 for detailed technical guidance.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-30184

Indicators of Compromise

• Unexpected HTTP requests to administrative endpoints on CyberData intercom devices from unauthorized IP addresses
• Access to configuration pages or administrative functions without corresponding successful authentication events in device logs
• Unusual modification of device settings or firmware without authorized administrator activity
• Network traffic to intercom devices from external or unexpected internal network segments

Detection Strategies

• Monitor web server access logs on CyberData intercom devices for requests to administrative paths without preceding authentication
• Implement network intrusion detection rules to identify reconnaissance and exploitation attempts targeting CyberData devices
• Deploy network segmentation monitoring to detect unauthorized access attempts to ICS/IoT network segments
• Correlate authentication failures with subsequent successful administrative access as a potential bypass indicator

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable comprehensive logging on all CyberData intercom devices and forward logs to a centralized SIEM
• Implement network traffic analysis for devices on ICS/building management network segments
• Establish baseline network behavior for intercom devices and alert on anomalous connection patterns
• Monitor for firmware or configuration changes on emergency communication infrastructure

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-30184

Immediate Actions Required

• Isolate CyberData 011209 intercom devices from untrusted networks and the internet immediately
• Implement strict network segmentation to limit access to only authorized administrative workstations
• Enable and review device logs for signs of unauthorized access or configuration changes
• Contact CyberData for firmware update availability and remediation guidance

Patch Information

Organizations should consult the CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-25-155-01 for official remediation guidance and coordinate with CyberData directly for firmware updates that address this vulnerability. Given the critical severity, patching should be prioritized as soon as vendor updates become available.

Workarounds

• Place all CyberData intercom devices behind a properly configured firewall with access restricted to authorized IP addresses only
• Implement VPN or jump host requirements for administrative access to intercom management interfaces
• Deploy network access control (NAC) to prevent unauthorized devices from reaching intercom network segments
• Consider deploying a web application firewall (WAF) in front of device management interfaces to filter malicious requests

# Example firewall rules to restrict access to intercom devices
# Replace 192.168.10.0/24 with your intercom network segment
# Replace 10.0.1.50 with authorized admin workstation IP

# Allow only authorized admin access to web interface (port 80/443)
iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.0.1.50 -d 192.168.10.0/24 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.0.1.50 -d 192.168.10.0/24 -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT

# Block all other web access to intercom segment
iptables -A FORWARD -d 192.168.10.0/24 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP
iptables -A FORWARD -d 192.168.10.0/24 -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP