CVE-2025-2875: Controller Information Disclosure Flaw

CVE-2025-2875 Overview

CVE-2025-2875 is an Externally Controlled Reference to a Resource in Another Sphere vulnerability (CWE-610) that affects Schneider Electric controller devices. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to manipulate the controller's webserver URL to access resources that should be restricted, resulting in a loss of confidentiality.

The vulnerability exists due to improper validation of externally supplied resource references in the controller's web interface. When exploited, an attacker can access sensitive information without requiring authentication, potentially exposing critical operational data and configuration details.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can exploit URL manipulation in the controller's webserver to access restricted resources, leading to significant confidentiality breaches in industrial control environments.

Affected Products

• Schneider Electric Controller (specific models detailed in vendor advisory)

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-05-14 - CVE-2025-2875 published to NVD
• 2026-04-15 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2875

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability falls under CWE-610 (Externally Controlled Reference to a Resource in Another Sphere), which occurs when the application uses untrusted input to construct a resource identifier that falls outside the intended security sphere. In the context of Schneider Electric controllers, the webserver component fails to properly validate and sanitize URL parameters, allowing attackers to reference and access resources that should be protected.

The network-accessible nature of this vulnerability means that any attacker with network access to the controller's web interface can attempt exploitation without prior authentication. The impact is primarily on confidentiality, as successful exploitation enables unauthorized access to sensitive resources and data stored on or accessible through the controller.

Industrial control systems are particularly sensitive to this type of vulnerability, as the exposed information could include operational parameters, configuration details, network topology information, or other data that could facilitate further attacks on critical infrastructure.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2025-2875 lies in insufficient input validation within the controller's webserver URL handling mechanism. The application fails to properly verify that user-supplied URL parameters reference only authorized resources within the expected security boundary. This allows attackers to craft malicious URLs that redirect the application to access unintended resources or data paths.

Attack Vector

The attack vector for this vulnerability is network-based and requires no authentication or user interaction. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by:

1. Identifying a Schneider Electric controller with an exposed webserver
2. Crafting malicious HTTP requests with manipulated URL parameters
3. Sending requests that cause the controller to reference resources outside its intended security sphere
4. Extracting sensitive information from the unauthorized resource access

The vulnerability is exploited through HTTP request manipulation targeting the controller's web interface. The attacker modifies URL parameters to point to restricted resources, bypassing access controls due to the lack of proper validation.

For detailed technical information about this vulnerability, refer to the Schneider Electric Security Notice.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2875

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual HTTP requests to the controller's webserver containing path traversal characters or encoded sequences
• Access logs showing requests attempting to reference resources outside normal operational paths
• Increased web traffic to controller interfaces from unauthorized or external IP addresses
• Failed authentication attempts followed by successful resource access without credentials

Detection Strategies

• Monitor web server access logs for anomalous URL patterns or attempts to access restricted paths
• Implement network intrusion detection rules to identify URL manipulation attempts targeting industrial controllers
• Deploy web application firewalls (WAF) to filter requests containing suspicious path manipulation patterns
• Use behavioral analytics to detect deviations from normal controller access patterns

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable comprehensive logging on all Schneider Electric controller web interfaces
• Establish baseline network traffic patterns for controller communications and alert on anomalies
• Implement real-time monitoring for HTTP requests to industrial control system components
• Configure alerts for any unauthenticated access attempts to controller resources

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2875

Immediate Actions Required

• Review the Schneider Electric Security Notice SEVD-2025-133-01 for affected product versions and specific remediation guidance
• Restrict network access to controller web interfaces using firewalls and network segmentation
• Implement strong authentication mechanisms where possible pending official patches
• Audit existing deployments to identify all potentially affected controllers

Patch Information

Schneider Electric has published a security notice addressing this vulnerability. Organizations should consult the Schneider Electric Security Notice for specific patch availability, version information, and update instructions for affected products.

Workarounds

• Isolate affected controllers on dedicated network segments with strict access controls
• Disable the webserver interface if not operationally required
• Implement network-level access control lists (ACLs) to restrict connections to authorized management stations only
• Deploy a reverse proxy with URL filtering capabilities in front of controller web interfaces
• Monitor and log all access to controller interfaces until patches can be applied

# Example network segmentation configuration for industrial controller isolation
# Restrict access to controller management interfaces to authorized hosts only

# iptables example for Linux-based network gateway
iptables -A FORWARD -d <CONTROLLER_IP> -p tcp --dport 80 -s <AUTHORIZED_MGMT_NETWORK> -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -d <CONTROLLER_IP> -p tcp --dport 443 -s <AUTHORIZED_MGMT_NETWORK> -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -d <CONTROLLER_IP> -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP
iptables -A FORWARD -d <CONTROLLER_IP> -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP