CVE-2025-2707: Ruoyi-vue-pro Path Traversal Vulnerability

CVE-2025-2707 Overview

A path traversal vulnerability has been identified in zhijiantianya ruoyi-vue-pro version 2.4.1. This vulnerability affects the file upload functionality within the Front-End Store Interface, specifically the /app-api/infra/file/upload endpoint. By manipulating the path argument, attackers can traverse directories and potentially access or modify files outside the intended upload directory. The attack can be launched remotely over the network, and a proof-of-concept exploit has been publicly disclosed.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this path traversal vulnerability to access sensitive files or overwrite critical application files on the server, potentially compromising application integrity and data confidentiality.

Affected Products

• iocoder ruoyi-vue-pro version 2.4.1
• Iocoder Ruoyi-vue-pro Front-End Store Interface
• /app-api/infra/file/upload component

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-03-24 - CVE-2025-2707 published to NVD
• 2025-07-15 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2707

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-22 (Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory), commonly known as Path Traversal or Directory Traversal. The vulnerability exists in the file upload component of the ruoyi-vue-pro application's front-end store interface.

The flawed endpoint /app-api/infra/file/upload fails to properly sanitize or validate the path parameter supplied by users during file upload operations. This insufficient input validation allows attackers to craft malicious requests containing directory traversal sequences (such as ../) to escape the designated upload directory.

As a network-accessible vulnerability requiring only low privileges to exploit, attackers with basic authenticated access to the application can potentially read sensitive configuration files, overwrite application resources, or plant malicious files in arbitrary server locations.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability lies in the insufficient validation and sanitization of user-supplied input in the path parameter of the file upload functionality. The application fails to implement proper path canonicalization or reject path traversal sequences before processing file operations. This allows directory traversal characters to be interpreted by the file system, enabling access to paths outside the intended upload directory structure.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, allowing remote exploitation without user interaction. An attacker with low-level authentication to the application can craft HTTP requests to the /app-api/infra/file/upload endpoint with a manipulated path parameter containing directory traversal sequences.

The vulnerability allows attackers to:

• Navigate outside the designated upload directory using sequences like ../
• Potentially read sensitive files from arbitrary locations on the server
• Overwrite or modify existing files if write permissions are available
• Plant malicious files in unexpected locations within the file system

For technical details and proof-of-concept information, see the GitHub PoC Repository.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2707

Indicators of Compromise

• HTTP requests to /app-api/infra/file/upload containing path traversal sequences (../, ..\, or URL-encoded variants)
• Unusual file access patterns or file modifications outside designated upload directories
• Log entries showing requests with manipulated path parameters targeting sensitive system paths
• Unexpected files appearing in application directories or system folders

Detection Strategies

• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block path traversal sequences in HTTP requests
• Monitor access logs for requests to /app-api/infra/file/upload with suspicious path parameter values
• Configure intrusion detection systems (IDS) to alert on directory traversal patterns in network traffic
• Deploy file integrity monitoring (FIM) on critical application and system directories

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging for all file upload operations including the full path parameter values
• Set up alerting for any file operations occurring outside designated upload directories
• Monitor for unusual authentication patterns followed by file upload requests
• Implement rate limiting on the file upload endpoint to slow potential exploitation attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2707

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict access to the /app-api/infra/file/upload endpoint to only trusted users until a patch is available
• Implement input validation at the network perimeter to block path traversal sequences
• Review and harden file system permissions to minimize impact of potential exploitation
• Consider temporarily disabling the affected file upload functionality if not business-critical

Patch Information

At the time of disclosure, the vendor (iocoder) was contacted but did not respond. No official patch has been released for ruoyi-vue-pro version 2.4.1. Organizations using this software should monitor the VulDB entry and the vendor's official channels for security updates.

In the absence of an official patch, organizations should implement the workarounds listed below and consider upgrading to a newer version if one becomes available with a fix for this vulnerability.

Workarounds

• Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) rule to filter requests containing path traversal patterns such as ../, ..\, %2e%2e%2f, and similar encoded variants
• Implement server-side input validation to reject any path parameter containing directory separator characters or traversal sequences
• Use a whitelist approach for allowed upload paths, rejecting any paths not matching predefined patterns
• Consider placing the upload functionality behind additional authentication or access controls

# Example WAF rule pattern to block path traversal attempts
# For ModSecurity or similar WAF configurations:
SecRule ARGS:path "@rx \.\.[\\/]" "id:100001,phase:2,deny,status:403,msg:'Path traversal attempt blocked'"
SecRule ARGS:path "@rx %2e%2e(%2f|%5c)" "id:100002,phase:2,deny,status:403,msg:'Encoded path traversal blocked'"