CVE-2025-2654: AC Repair Services System SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-2654 Overview

A SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in SourceCodester AC Repair and Services System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the file /admin/services/manage_service.php and can be exploited through manipulation of the ID parameter. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject malicious SQL commands, potentially compromising the integrity and confidentiality of the application's database.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability without authentication to manipulate database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion of sensitive information stored in the AC Repair and Services System.

Affected Products

• SourceCodester AC Repair and Services System 1.0
• oretnom23 ac_repair_and_services_system 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-03-23 - CVE-2025-2654 published to NVD
• 2025-03-26 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2654

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability in the AC Repair and Services System stems from improper input validation in the administrative services management functionality. The /admin/services/manage_service.php endpoint accepts an ID parameter that is directly incorporated into SQL queries without proper sanitization or parameterization. This classic injection vulnerability allows attackers to manipulate the structure of database queries by injecting malicious SQL syntax through the ID parameter.

The vulnerability is network-accessible and requires no user interaction or prior authentication, making it particularly dangerous for internet-facing installations. An attacker can craft specially formatted requests to the affected endpoint, allowing them to bypass the intended query logic and execute arbitrary SQL commands against the underlying database.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2025-2654 is inadequate input validation and the failure to use parameterized queries or prepared statements when handling user-supplied data. The application directly concatenates the ID parameter into SQL query strings without sanitization, violating the fundamental security principle of separating code from data. This is classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component), which encompasses injection vulnerabilities where user input is not properly neutralized before being processed.

Attack Vector

The attack is conducted remotely over the network by sending crafted HTTP requests to the /admin/services/manage_service.php endpoint. Attackers manipulate the ID parameter to inject SQL syntax that alters the intended query behavior. This could include UNION-based injection to extract data from other tables, boolean-based blind injection to enumerate database contents, or time-based techniques to exfiltrate information when direct output is not available.

The vulnerability allows attackers to potentially read sensitive data from the database, modify or delete records, and in some database configurations, execute operating system commands or access the underlying file system. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of active exploitation in the wild.

For detailed technical information regarding the exploitation mechanism, refer to the GitHub PoC Repository.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2654

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual HTTP requests to /admin/services/manage_service.php with malformed or suspicious ID parameter values containing SQL syntax such as single quotes, UNION statements, or comment characters
• Database error messages in application logs indicating SQL syntax errors or unexpected query behavior
• Anomalous database queries in database server logs showing unauthorized SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE operations
• Signs of data exfiltration or unauthorized access to database tables containing customer or service information

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in HTTP request parameters
• Implement database activity monitoring to identify anomalous query patterns or unauthorized data access attempts
• Monitor web server access logs for requests to /admin/services/manage_service.php with suspicious parameter values
• Configure intrusion detection systems (IDS) to alert on known SQL injection attack signatures

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable verbose logging on the web application and database servers to capture detailed request and query information
• Set up real-time alerting for SQL error messages that may indicate injection attempts
• Monitor network traffic for large data transfers from the database server that could indicate successful data exfiltration
• Implement file integrity monitoring on the application files to detect any unauthorized modifications

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2654

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the administrative interface (/admin/) to trusted IP addresses only using firewall rules or web server configuration
• If possible, take the affected system offline until a patch or workaround can be implemented
• Review database and application logs for signs of prior exploitation or unauthorized access
• Back up all critical data and implement additional access controls at the database level

Patch Information

As of the last update on 2025-03-26, no official patch has been released by SourceCodester for this vulnerability. Organizations using the AC Repair and Services System should monitor the SourceCodester website for security updates and patch releases. Additional vulnerability information is available at VulDB #300669.

Workarounds

• Implement input validation at the application level to sanitize all user-supplied parameters before use in database queries
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) in front of the application to filter malicious SQL injection attempts
• Modify the affected PHP code to use prepared statements with parameterized queries instead of string concatenation
• Restrict database user privileges to the minimum required for application functionality, preventing administrative operations through SQL injection
• Consider isolating the database server on a separate network segment to limit the impact of a successful compromise

# Example Apache .htaccess configuration to restrict admin access
<Directory "/var/www/html/admin">
    Order deny,allow
    Deny from all
    Allow from 192.168.1.0/24
    Allow from 10.0.0.0/8
</Directory>