CVE-2025-24861 Overview
CVE-2025-24861 is a command injection vulnerability affecting the OutBack Power Mojave Inverter OGHI8048A firmware. An attacker may inject commands via specially-crafted POST requests, allowing unauthorized command execution on the affected device. This vulnerability is classified under CWE-77 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command).
Critical Impact
Unauthenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary commands on vulnerable OutBack Power Mojave Inverter devices via crafted HTTP POST requests, potentially compromising industrial control system (ICS) environments.
Affected Products
- OutBack Power Mojave Inverter OGHI8048A Firmware
- OutBack Power Mojave Inverter OGHI8048A Hardware
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-02-13 - CVE-2025-24861 published to NVD
- 2025-03-04 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-24861
Vulnerability Analysis
This command injection vulnerability exists in the web interface of the OutBack Power Mojave Inverter OGHI8048A. The device fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in HTTP POST request parameters before passing them to system command execution functions. This allows attackers to inject arbitrary shell commands that will be executed with the privileges of the web server process.
The vulnerability is particularly concerning in ICS/SCADA environments where solar inverters like the Mojave are deployed. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to manipulate inverter operations, disrupt power generation, or use the compromised device as a pivot point for further network intrusion.
Root Cause
The root cause of this vulnerability is improper input validation (CWE-77). The firmware's web interface accepts user-controlled data in POST request parameters and incorporates this data into system commands without adequate sanitization or escaping. Special characters and command separators (such as semicolons, pipes, or backticks) are not filtered, allowing attackers to break out of the intended command context and execute arbitrary commands.
Attack Vector
The attack vector is network-based, requiring no authentication or user interaction. An attacker with network access to the inverter's web management interface can craft malicious POST requests containing command injection payloads. The attack can be conducted remotely if the device is exposed to the internet, or from within the local network where the inverter is deployed.
The attacker would typically inject shell metacharacters into vulnerable POST parameters to append or substitute their own commands. For example, parameters intended for configuration values could be manipulated to include command separators followed by malicious commands that execute on the underlying operating system.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-24861
Indicators of Compromise
- Unusual HTTP POST requests to the inverter's web interface containing shell metacharacters (;, |, &, `, $())
- Unexpected outbound network connections from the inverter device to external IP addresses
- Anomalous process execution or system calls originating from the web server process on the device
- Log entries showing malformed or suspicious POST parameters in web server access logs
Detection Strategies
- Deploy network intrusion detection systems (IDS) with rules to detect command injection patterns in HTTP traffic targeting the inverter
- Monitor network traffic for unusual POST requests containing shell metacharacters targeting the device's web interface
- Implement application-layer firewalls or web application firewalls (WAF) to filter malicious input patterns
- Conduct regular security assessments of ICS/SCADA network segments to identify exposed inverter management interfaces
Monitoring Recommendations
- Enable and centralize logging for all network traffic to and from inverter devices
- Set up alerts for any authentication failures or unusual access patterns on the inverter's management interface
- Monitor for unexpected changes in inverter configuration or operational parameters
- Implement network segmentation monitoring to detect lateral movement attempts from compromised inverter devices
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-24861
Immediate Actions Required
- Isolate affected OutBack Power Mojave Inverter OGHI8048A devices from untrusted networks immediately
- Restrict network access to the inverter's web management interface to authorized IP addresses only
- Contact OutBack Power for firmware update availability and patching guidance via their official contact page
- Review the CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-25-044-17 for additional mitigation guidance
Patch Information
As of the last NVD update on 2025-03-04, users should contact OutBack Power directly for patch availability information. The CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-25-044-17 provides additional details on vendor response and recommended mitigations.
Workarounds
- Place the inverter behind a firewall and restrict access to the web management interface to trusted management stations only
- Disable remote web management access if not operationally required
- Implement network segmentation to isolate ICS devices from corporate and internet-facing networks
- Use a VPN for any necessary remote access to the inverter's management interface
# Example firewall rule to restrict access to inverter web interface (adjust IP addresses as needed)
# Only allow access from trusted management network 192.168.10.0/24
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -s 192.168.10.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -s 192.168.10.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
