CVE-2025-2041: Ecommerce-Website-using-PHP SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-2041 Overview

A SQL Injection vulnerability has been identified in s-a-zhd Ecommerce-Website-using-PHP version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /shop.php file where the p_cat parameter fails to properly sanitize user input before being included in SQL queries. This allows remote attackers with low-level privileges to manipulate database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection flaw to extract sensitive customer data, manipulate product information, or compromise the integrity of the e-commerce database through malicious SQL queries injected via the p_cat parameter.

Affected Products

• s-a-zhd Ecommerce-Website-using-PHP version 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-03-06 - CVE-2025-2041 published to NVD
• 2025-10-10 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2041

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL Injection vulnerability (CWE-89) occurs in the /shop.php file of the s-a-zhd Ecommerce-Website-using-PHP application. The p_cat parameter is directly incorporated into database queries without proper input validation or parameterized query implementation. This improper neutralization of special elements (CWE-74) allows attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands that are executed by the database server.

The vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network without requiring complex attack conditions. An attacker with low-privilege access can leverage this flaw to read, modify, or delete data within the application's database, potentially compromising customer information, order details, and other sensitive e-commerce data.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is the failure to implement proper input sanitization and parameterized queries when processing the p_cat parameter in /shop.php. The application directly concatenates user-supplied input into SQL query strings, allowing malicious SQL fragments to be executed as part of legitimate database operations.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-based and targets the p_cat parameter in the /shop.php endpoint. An attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests containing SQL injection payloads in the p_cat parameter value. When the vulnerable application processes this parameter, the injected SQL code is executed against the backend database.

The exploitation requires low-level privileges and no user interaction, making it relatively straightforward for attackers to exploit. The vulnerability affects the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system data, though the impact is classified as limited in scope.

For detailed technical analysis of the SQL injection mechanism, refer to the Web Security Insights SQL Injection Analysis.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2041

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual SQL syntax or error messages appearing in web application logs related to /shop.php
• Unexpected database queries containing UNION, SELECT, or other SQL keywords in the p_cat parameter
• Web access logs showing abnormal patterns of requests to /shop.php with encoded or suspicious parameter values
• Database audit logs indicating unauthorized data access or failed query attempts

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in the p_cat parameter
• Implement database query monitoring to identify abnormal query patterns or syntax errors indicative of injection attempts
• Configure intrusion detection systems (IDS) to alert on known SQL injection payloads targeting PHP applications
• Enable detailed logging for /shop.php and monitor for suspicious parameter manipulation

Monitoring Recommendations

• Establish baseline monitoring for database query patterns and alert on deviations
• Monitor web server access logs for repeated requests to /shop.php with varying p_cat values
• Implement real-time alerting for SQL error messages returned to clients
• Review authentication logs for unusual privilege escalation following potential exploitation

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2041

Immediate Actions Required

• Remove or disable the vulnerable /shop.php file if it is not essential to operations
• Implement input validation and sanitization for the p_cat parameter immediately
• Deploy WAF rules to block SQL injection attempts targeting this endpoint
• Audit database access logs for signs of prior exploitation

Patch Information

As of the last available information, no official vendor patch has been released for this vulnerability. The s-a-zhd Ecommerce-Website-using-PHP project is an open-source application. Users should monitor the project repository for security updates and consider implementing manual fixes or migrating to a more actively maintained e-commerce solution.

For additional vulnerability details, see the VulDB entry #298784.

Workarounds

• Implement parameterized queries (prepared statements) for all database operations involving the p_cat parameter
• Apply strict input validation using allowlists to restrict p_cat values to expected product category identifiers
• Deploy a reverse proxy or WAF with SQL injection filtering capabilities in front of the application
• Consider replacing direct database queries with a secure ORM that handles input sanitization automatically

# Example: Restrict access to shop.php via .htaccess until patched
# Add to .htaccess in the web root directory
<Files "shop.php">
    # Temporarily restrict access to trusted IPs only
    Order deny,allow
    Deny from all
    Allow from 192.168.1.0/24
</Files>