CVE-2025-15008: Tenda WH450 Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

CVE-2025-15008 Overview

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability has been identified in the Tenda WH450 wireless router firmware version 1.0.0.18. This vulnerability exists within the HTTP Request Handler component, specifically in the /goform/L7Port endpoint. By manipulating the page argument, remote attackers can trigger a buffer overflow condition that may lead to unauthorized access, code execution, or denial of service on affected devices.

Critical Impact

This network-accessible vulnerability in the Tenda WH450 router allows remote attackers to exploit a stack-based buffer overflow via crafted HTTP requests, potentially compromising the device and the network it protects.

Affected Products

• Tenda WH450 Firmware version 1.0.0.18
• Tenda WH450 Hardware

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-12-22 - CVE-2025-15008 published to NVD
• 2026-02-24 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-15008

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer). The flaw exists in the Tenda WH450's embedded web server, which handles HTTP requests for device management functionality. When processing requests to the /goform/L7Port endpoint, the firmware fails to properly validate the length of the page argument before copying it into a fixed-size stack buffer.

The HTTP Request Handler component does not implement adequate bounds checking, allowing an attacker to supply an oversized value for the page parameter. This causes data to be written beyond the allocated buffer space on the stack, potentially overwriting critical control structures such as return addresses and saved frame pointers.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is improper input validation in the firmware's HTTP request processing logic. The code handling the page argument in the /goform/L7Port endpoint uses unsafe string operations that do not verify input length before copying data into stack-allocated buffers. This is a common vulnerability pattern in embedded systems and IoT devices where memory-safe programming practices may not be consistently applied.

Attack Vector

The attack can be initiated remotely over the network without requiring authentication. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted HTTP request to the vulnerable /goform/L7Port endpoint with an oversized page parameter value. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, and proof-of-concept materials are available on GitHub.

The exploitation process involves:

1. Identifying a vulnerable Tenda WH450 device on the network
2. Crafting an HTTP request targeting /goform/L7Port with a malicious page parameter
3. Sending the request to overflow the stack buffer
4. Depending on the payload, achieving denial of service or potential code execution

Technical details and reproduction steps are available in the GitHub Proof of Concept and the VulDB advisory.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-15008

Indicators of Compromise

• Unexpected HTTP requests to /goform/L7Port with unusually large parameter values
• Router crashes or unexpected reboots following HTTP traffic to the management interface
• Abnormal memory utilization patterns on the affected device
• Network traffic anomalies indicating potential exploitation attempts against the router

Detection Strategies

• Monitor HTTP request logs for access to /goform/L7Port with suspicious page parameter lengths exceeding normal values
• Implement intrusion detection rules to flag HTTP POST requests targeting Tenda WH450 management endpoints with oversized parameters
• Deploy network sensors to detect buffer overflow attack patterns in HTTP traffic destined for router management interfaces
• Review device logs for signs of crashes or memory corruption events

Monitoring Recommendations

• Restrict access to the router's web management interface to trusted networks only
• Implement network segmentation to isolate IoT and network infrastructure devices from general user traffic
• Enable logging on network firewalls to capture traffic destined for device management ports
• Consider deploying network-level anomaly detection to identify exploitation attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-15008

Immediate Actions Required

• Disable remote management access to the Tenda WH450 router if not required
• Restrict access to the device's web management interface via firewall rules to trusted IP addresses only
• Monitor the Tenda official website for firmware updates addressing this vulnerability
• Consider network isolation for affected devices until a patch is available

Patch Information

At the time of publication, no official patch has been released by Tenda for this vulnerability. Organizations using affected devices should monitor Tenda's official channels for security updates. The vulnerability affects firmware version 1.0.0.18, and users should upgrade to a patched version once available.

Workarounds

• Disable the web management interface entirely if device management is not required
• Implement firewall rules to block external access to the router's HTTP management interface (typically port 80 or 443)
• Use a VPN or dedicated management network to access the device's web interface
• Deploy network-level filtering to block HTTP requests containing oversized parameters targeting /goform/L7Port

# Example: Block external access to router management interface using iptables
# Apply on upstream firewall or gateway device

# Block HTTP access to Tenda WH450 management interface from untrusted networks
iptables -A FORWARD -d <ROUTER_IP> -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP
iptables -A FORWARD -d <ROUTER_IP> -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP

# Allow management access only from trusted admin network
iptables -I FORWARD -s <TRUSTED_ADMIN_SUBNET> -d <ROUTER_IP> -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT