CVE-2025-13295: BILGER Information Disclosure Flaw

CVE-2025-13295 Overview

CVE-2025-13295 is a high-severity Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability (CWE-201) affecting Argus Technology Inc. BILGER software. This vulnerability allows attackers to exploit the "Choosing Message Identifier" attack pattern, potentially leading to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information transmitted by the application. The vulnerability affects all versions of BILGER prior to 2.4.9.

Critical Impact

This vulnerability enables network-based attackers to extract sensitive information from data transmissions without requiring authentication or user interaction. With a CVSS score of 7.5 and network attack vector, organizations using vulnerable BILGER versions face significant risk of confidential data exposure.

Affected Products

• Argus Technology Inc. BILGER versions prior to 2.4.9

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-12-02 - CVE CVE-2025-13295 published to NVD
• 2025-12-02 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-13295

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-201: Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data. The CVSS 3.1 vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N indicates that the vulnerability:

• Attack Vector (AV:N): Exploitable remotely over the network
• Attack Complexity (AC:L): Low complexity required to exploit
• Privileges Required (PR:N): No authentication needed
• User Interaction (UI:N): No user interaction required
• Confidentiality Impact (C:H): High impact on confidentiality
• Integrity Impact (I:N): No impact on integrity
• Availability Impact (A:N): No impact on availability

The EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) probability is 0.041% with a percentile ranking of 12.15%, indicating a relatively low likelihood of exploitation in the wild at this time.

Root Cause

The root cause stems from improper handling of sensitive information during data transmission within the BILGER application. The software fails to adequately sanitize or protect sensitive data before including it in outbound communications, allowing the "Choosing Message Identifier" attack pattern to be exploited. This type of vulnerability typically occurs when applications inadvertently include confidential data such as credentials, session tokens, or personally identifiable information in transmitted messages that can be intercepted or accessed by unauthorized parties.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, requiring no privileges or user interaction. An attacker positioned to intercept network traffic or with access to the application's communication channels can exploit the vulnerability to extract sensitive information from transmitted data. The "Choosing Message Identifier" attack pattern suggests that attackers can manipulate or select specific message identifiers to access sensitive information that should not be exposed.

The vulnerability mechanism involves improper data handling during transmission. When the BILGER application sends data, it inadvertently includes sensitive information that can be extracted by an attacker. For detailed technical analysis, refer to the security advisory published by USOM at https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0423.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-13295

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual network traffic patterns originating from BILGER application instances
• Unexpected data payloads in outbound communications containing sensitive identifiers
• Anomalous access patterns to message identifier resources
• Network logs showing unauthorized interception attempts on BILGER communications

Detection Strategies

Organizations should implement network traffic analysis to identify potential exploitation attempts. Key detection approaches include:

1. Network Monitoring: Deploy network monitoring solutions to analyze traffic patterns from systems running BILGER, watching for anomalous data exfiltration patterns
2. Data Loss Prevention (DLP): Configure DLP tools to detect sensitive information in outbound network traffic from BILGER applications
3. Application Logging: Enable detailed logging within BILGER to track message transmission activities and identify potential abuse
4. SIEM Integration: Integrate BILGER logs with Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems to correlate events and detect exploitation attempts

Monitoring Recommendations

SentinelOne customers can leverage the platform's behavioral AI and network visibility capabilities to detect anomalous communication patterns associated with this vulnerability. Enable enhanced logging for network-connected applications and configure alerts for unusual data transmission volumes or patterns. Organizations should implement network segmentation to limit the exposure of BILGER instances and establish baseline network behavior to identify deviations that may indicate exploitation.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-13295

Immediate Actions Required

• Upgrade Argus Technology Inc. BILGER to version 2.4.9 or later immediately
• Implement network segmentation to isolate BILGER instances from untrusted networks
• Enable enhanced monitoring on systems running vulnerable BILGER versions
• Review network traffic logs for signs of potential data exfiltration
• Conduct a data exposure assessment to identify any sensitive information that may have been compromised

Patch Information

Argus Technology Inc. has released version 2.4.9 of BILGER which addresses this vulnerability. Organizations should prioritize upgrading to this version or later. For additional guidance and official vendor information, consult the security advisory published by USOM at https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0423.

Workarounds

If immediate patching is not feasible, organizations should implement the following temporary mitigations:

• Restrict network access to BILGER instances using firewall rules to limit exposure to trusted networks only
• Implement TLS/SSL encryption for all communications involving BILGER to protect data in transit
• Deploy network-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) to monitor for suspicious traffic patterns
• Temporarily disable or restrict features that involve transmission of sensitive data until the patch can be applied
• Implement additional access controls and authentication mechanisms for BILGER communications

# Example firewall rule to restrict BILGER network access (adjust ports/IPs as needed)
# Allow only trusted internal networks to communicate with BILGER
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport <bilger_port> -s 10.0.0.0/8 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport <bilger_port> -j DROP