CVE-2025-1283: Dingtian DT-R002 Auth Bypass Vulnerability

CVE-2025-1283 Overview

CVE-2025-1283 is a critical authentication bypass vulnerability affecting the Dingtian DT-R0 Series relay controllers. The vulnerability allows attackers to bypass login requirements by directly navigating to the main page of the device's web interface. This flaw enables unauthorized access to the device's administrative functions without providing valid credentials.

Industrial relay controllers like the DT-R0 Series are commonly deployed in operational technology (OT) environments for remote control of electrical systems, automation processes, and building management. Unauthorized access to these devices could allow attackers to manipulate relay states, disrupt industrial processes, or pivot to other connected systems.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated remote attackers can gain full administrative access to Dingtian DT-R0 Series relay controllers, potentially allowing manipulation of connected electrical systems and industrial processes.

Affected Products

• Dingtian-tech DT-R002 Firmware version 3.1.3044a
• Dingtian-tech DT-R008 Firmware version 3.1.1759a
• Dingtian-tech DT-R016 Firmware version 3.1.2776a
• Dingtian-tech DT-R032 Firmware version 3.1.3826a

Discovery Timeline

• February 13, 2025 - CVE-2025-1283 published to NVD
• April 10, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-1283

Vulnerability Analysis

This authentication bypass vulnerability falls under CWE-288 (Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel) and CWE-306 (Missing Authentication for Critical Function). The Dingtian DT-R0 Series web interface fails to properly enforce authentication checks when users directly navigate to protected pages.

The vulnerability allows unauthenticated network-based attackers to completely bypass the login mechanism. Once bypassed, attackers gain access to all administrative functions normally protected by authentication, including relay control, configuration settings, and network parameters. The attack requires no user interaction and can be executed with low complexity from any network position that can reach the device.

This type of authentication bypass is particularly dangerous in ICS/SCADA environments where relay controllers may be connected to critical infrastructure systems. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized control of electrical systems, potential safety hazards, and disruption of industrial operations.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is inadequate session and authentication verification in the device's web application. The firmware fails to validate whether a user has successfully authenticated before granting access to protected resources. Instead of implementing proper session-based access controls that check authentication state on every request, the application relies on client-side navigation restrictions that can be trivially bypassed.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, requiring only HTTP/HTTPS access to the device's web interface. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by:

1. Identifying a Dingtian DT-R0 Series device on the network
2. Navigating directly to the main administrative page URL, bypassing the login page
3. Gaining full access to device controls and configuration

The vulnerability does not require authentication, has low attack complexity, and needs no user interaction. This makes it highly exploitable by any attacker with network access to the device.

Since no verified code examples are available, the exploitation technique involves direct URL manipulation to access protected pages. For detailed technical information, refer to the CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-25-044-18.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-1283

Indicators of Compromise

• Web server logs showing direct access to administrative pages without prior authentication requests
• Unusual or unauthorized access patterns to the device's web interface from unexpected IP addresses
• Configuration changes or relay state modifications that cannot be attributed to authorized users
• Network traffic to DT-R0 Series devices from non-standard management workstations

Detection Strategies

• Implement network monitoring to detect unauthorized access attempts to Dingtian relay controller web interfaces
• Configure SIEM rules to alert on direct navigation to administrative URLs without preceding login page requests
• Deploy intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for authentication bypass attempts against ICS web interfaces
• Monitor for anomalous HTTP request patterns that bypass expected authentication flow

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable comprehensive logging on all network devices providing access to ICS/OT environments
• Implement network segmentation monitoring to detect lateral movement attempts after initial device compromise
• Configure alerting for any changes to relay controller configurations
• Regularly audit access logs for Dingtian DT-R0 Series devices for unauthorized access patterns

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-1283

Immediate Actions Required

• Isolate affected Dingtian DT-R0 Series devices from internet-accessible networks immediately
• Implement strict network segmentation to limit access to authorized management workstations only
• Enable firewall rules to restrict web interface access to specific, trusted IP addresses
• Conduct a security audit to determine if any devices have been accessed by unauthorized parties

Patch Information

Contact Dingtian-tech directly for firmware update information. The vendor can be reached through their contact page. Review the CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-25-044-18 for official guidance on remediation steps.

Workarounds

• Place all affected devices behind a VPN to prevent direct network access
• Implement network access control lists (ACLs) to restrict access to authorized IP addresses only
• Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) in front of device web interfaces if direct patching is not immediately possible
• Consider disabling the web interface entirely if remote management is not required and manage devices via local console

# Example firewall rule to restrict access to Dingtian device (adjust IP addresses as needed)
# Allow only trusted management network
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -s 192.168.10.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP