CVE-2025-12547: LogicalDOC Auth Bypass Vulnerability

CVE-2025-12547 Overview

A vulnerability was identified in LogicalDOC Community Edition up to version 9.2.1. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /login.jsp of the component Admin Login Page. The manipulation leads to improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts (CWE-307), allowing attackers to conduct brute-force attacks against user accounts without adequate rate limiting or lockout mechanisms.

Critical Impact

The vulnerability enables remote attackers to perform brute-force attacks against the admin login page, potentially compromising user credentials and gaining unauthorized access to the document management system.

Affected Products

• LogicalDOC Community Edition up to version 9.2.1
• LogicalDOC /login.jsp Admin Login Page component

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-10-31 - CVE-2025-12547 published to NVD
• 2026-04-29 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-12547

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts (CWE-307). The affected component, /login.jsp, fails to implement adequate controls to limit the number of authentication attempts an attacker can make. This weakness is a fundamental authentication security flaw that allows adversaries to repeatedly attempt login operations without being throttled, locked out, or otherwise restricted.

The vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network, though the attack is characterized as having high complexity and difficult exploitability. The exploit has been publicly disclosed through a GitHub Gist resource, making it accessible to potential attackers. LogicalDOC was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability lies in the absence of proper authentication rate-limiting mechanisms in the /login.jsp component. The login page does not implement account lockout policies, progressive delays between failed attempts, CAPTCHA challenges, or other defensive measures that would prevent automated credential guessing attacks. This allows attackers to submit unlimited login requests without encountering any security barriers.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, allowing remote exploitation without requiring authentication or user interaction. An attacker can leverage automated tools to perform dictionary attacks, credential stuffing, or brute-force attempts against the LogicalDOC admin login page.

The attack methodology involves sending repeated POST requests to /login.jsp with different username and password combinations. Without rate limiting, an attacker can rapidly iterate through common password lists or leaked credential databases to identify valid account credentials. Technical details regarding exploitation techniques are available in the GitHub Gist resource published by the security researcher.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-12547

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusually high volume of HTTP POST requests to /login.jsp from single IP addresses or IP ranges
• Multiple failed authentication events in rapid succession targeting the same or multiple user accounts
• Authentication logs showing sequential or pattern-based password attempts
• Network traffic anomalies indicating automated tooling such as Hydra, Burp Suite Intruder, or custom scripts

Detection Strategies

• Implement log monitoring rules to alert on failed login thresholds (e.g., more than 5 failed attempts within 1 minute from a single source)
• Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block brute-force patterns against /login.jsp
• Configure SIEM correlation rules to identify distributed brute-force attempts across multiple source IPs
• Monitor for unusual authentication timing patterns that indicate automated attack tools

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable verbose authentication logging on LogicalDOC servers to capture source IP, timestamp, and username for all login attempts
• Implement network-level monitoring to track request rates to authentication endpoints
• Configure alerting for authentication failures exceeding baseline thresholds
• Review authentication logs regularly for patterns indicative of credential attacks

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-12547

Immediate Actions Required

• Deploy a reverse proxy or web application firewall (WAF) in front of LogicalDOC to implement rate limiting on /login.jsp
• Configure IP-based request throttling to limit login attempts per source address
• Implement CAPTCHA or similar challenge-response mechanisms for the login page
• Enable account lockout policies at the application or infrastructure level if configurable
• Review authentication logs for evidence of prior exploitation attempts

Patch Information

As of the last modification date (2026-04-29), the vendor LogicalDOC has not publicly responded to the vulnerability disclosure. Organizations should monitor VulDB and official LogicalDOC channels for patch availability. In the absence of a vendor patch, implementing compensating controls is essential.

Workarounds

• Deploy a reverse proxy (such as nginx or Apache) with rate limiting modules to restrict authentication requests to /login.jsp
• Use fail2ban or similar intrusion prevention tools to automatically block IP addresses with excessive failed login attempts
• Restrict access to the admin login page via IP whitelisting if remote administration is not required
• Consider placing LogicalDOC behind a VPN for environments where public access is not necessary

# Example nginx rate limiting configuration for LogicalDOC login protection
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=login_limit:10m rate=5r/m;

location /login.jsp {
    limit_req zone=login_limit burst=3 nodelay;
    limit_req_status 429;
    proxy_pass http://logicaldoc_backend;
}