CVE-2025-12063: Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

CVE-2025-12063 Overview

CVE-2025-12063 is an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability that allows a non-admin user to modify or remove certain data objects without having the appropriate permissions. This authorization bypass flaw enables authenticated users with low privileges to manipulate resources beyond their intended access scope, potentially compromising data integrity within affected Axis products.

Critical Impact

Authenticated users can bypass authorization controls to modify or delete data objects, leading to potential data manipulation or loss of critical configuration data.

Affected Products

• Axis network devices (refer to Axis Security Advisory for specific product versions)

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-02-10 - CVE-2025-12063 published to NVD
• 2026-02-10 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-12063

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-639: Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key, commonly known as Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR). The flaw occurs when an application exposes internal implementation objects to users through references (such as database keys, filenames, or object identifiers) without proper authorization verification.

In this case, a non-administrative user can access and manipulate data objects by directly referencing them, bypassing the intended access control mechanisms. The vulnerability requires the attacker to be on an adjacent network and have low-level authentication credentials, but once these conditions are met, no user interaction is required to exploit the flaw.

The impact is primarily focused on integrity, allowing unauthorized modification or deletion of data objects. While confidentiality is not directly affected based on the vulnerability characteristics, the ability to alter or remove data without proper authorization can have significant operational consequences.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability lies in insufficient authorization checks when processing user requests that reference internal data objects. The application fails to verify whether the authenticated user has the appropriate permissions to perform the requested operation (modify or delete) on the specified data object. Instead of validating the user's authorization level against the target resource, the application trusts the user-supplied object reference and processes the request.

Attack Vector

The attack requires adjacent network access, meaning the attacker must be on the same network segment as the vulnerable device. The exploitation scenario involves:

1. An attacker obtains low-privilege authenticated access to the affected Axis device
2. The attacker identifies object references used by the application to manage data objects
3. By manipulating these references in API requests or application interfaces, the attacker can target objects outside their authorized scope
4. The application processes these requests without proper authorization validation, allowing the attacker to modify or delete the targeted objects

The vulnerability can be exploited without user interaction, making it suitable for automated attacks once initial access is established.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-12063

Indicators of Compromise

• Unexpected modifications or deletions of configuration data or user objects on Axis devices
• Anomalous API requests from low-privilege user accounts attempting to access or modify objects outside their normal scope
• Audit log entries showing data modifications by users who should not have permission to make such changes

Detection Strategies

• Implement comprehensive logging of all object access and modification requests, including the user identity and the object being accessed
• Monitor for patterns of object reference manipulation, such as sequential enumeration of object IDs
• Deploy network segmentation monitoring to detect unusual traffic patterns from adjacent network segments
• Review access logs for discrepancies between user privilege levels and the objects they are accessing

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed audit logging on Axis devices to capture all administrative and data modification activities
• Implement alerting for modification or deletion events performed by non-administrative accounts
• Regularly review access logs for signs of privilege abuse or unauthorized data manipulation

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-12063

Immediate Actions Required

• Review the Axis Security Advisory for specific remediation guidance
• Audit user accounts and remove unnecessary access privileges from non-administrative accounts
• Implement network segmentation to limit adjacent network access to sensitive devices
• Review audit logs for any signs of exploitation or unauthorized data modifications

Patch Information

Axis has released a security advisory addressing this vulnerability. Administrators should consult the official Axis Security Advisory for CVE-2025-12063 to obtain specific firmware versions and patching instructions for affected products. Apply the recommended firmware updates as soon as possible to remediate this vulnerability.

Workarounds

• Restrict network access to affected devices using network segmentation and firewall rules to limit connections from adjacent networks
• Review and minimize user account privileges, ensuring non-administrative accounts have only the minimum necessary permissions
• Implement additional monitoring and alerting for data modification activities to detect potential exploitation attempts
• Consider temporarily disabling non-essential user accounts until patches can be applied