CVE-2025-11420: Fabian E-commerce Website SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-11420 Overview

A SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in code-projects E-Commerce Website version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /pages/edit_order_details.php file, where the order_id parameter is improperly handled, allowing attackers to inject malicious SQL statements. This flaw can be exploited remotely without authentication, potentially enabling unauthorized database access, data manipulation, or data exfiltration.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to manipulate database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion of sensitive e-commerce data including customer information and order details.

Affected Products

• Fabian E-commerce Website 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-10-08 - CVE-2025-11420 published to NVD
• 2025-10-09 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-11420

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability represents a classic SQL injection (CWE-74) attack surface in a web application's order management functionality. The affected endpoint /pages/edit_order_details.php accepts an order_id parameter that is directly incorporated into database queries without proper sanitization or parameterization. When a user submits a request to this endpoint, the application constructs a SQL query using the raw input value, creating an opportunity for attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands.

The network-accessible nature of this vulnerability means that any attacker with HTTP access to the application can attempt exploitation. No authentication or user interaction is required, making this a straightforward attack vector for malicious actors scanning for vulnerable e-commerce installations.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is the failure to implement proper input validation and parameterized queries in the edit_order_details.php file. The order_id parameter is likely concatenated directly into SQL statements rather than being treated as a bound parameter. This violates fundamental secure coding practices for database interactions, where all user-supplied input should be treated as untrusted and properly escaped or parameterized before inclusion in database queries.

Attack Vector

The attack can be launched remotely over the network. An attacker can craft a malicious HTTP request to the /pages/edit_order_details.php endpoint with a specially crafted order_id parameter containing SQL injection payloads. By manipulating this parameter, attackers can potentially:

• Extract sensitive data from the database using UNION-based or error-based injection techniques
• Modify or delete existing records in the database
• Bypass authentication mechanisms if order access controls rely on the vulnerable query
• Potentially escalate to command execution if database features like xp_cmdshell (MSSQL) or LOAD_FILE (MySQL) are enabled

The vulnerability mechanism involves the unsanitized order_id parameter being passed directly into SQL queries within the edit_order_details.php file. An attacker can inject SQL syntax such as single quotes, UNION statements, or boolean-based payloads to manipulate query logic. For detailed technical analysis and proof-of-concept information, refer to the GitHub CVE Issue Discussion and VulDB entry #327355.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-11420

Indicators of Compromise

• HTTP requests to /pages/edit_order_details.php containing SQL-specific characters such as single quotes ('), double dashes (--), or UNION keywords in the order_id parameter
• Database error messages in application logs indicating malformed SQL queries originating from the edit order functionality
• Unusual database query patterns or execution times associated with the order details endpoint
• Evidence of data exfiltration or unauthorized bulk queries against order-related database tables

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in requests to /pages/edit_order_details.php
• Enable verbose logging on the database server to capture and alert on suspicious query patterns or syntax errors
• Deploy application-layer intrusion detection systems configured with SQL injection signature detection
• Monitor for anomalous access patterns to the edit_order_details.php endpoint including high request volumes or unusual parameter lengths

Monitoring Recommendations

• Configure real-time alerting for any SQL syntax errors logged from the affected PHP file
• Monitor HTTP access logs for requests containing common SQL injection test patterns targeting the order_id parameter
• Implement database activity monitoring to detect unusual SELECT, UPDATE, or DELETE operations against order-related tables
• Review application and database logs regularly for signs of reconnaissance or exploitation attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-11420

Immediate Actions Required

• Remove or restrict access to the /pages/edit_order_details.php file if the functionality is not critical to business operations
• Implement input validation to ensure order_id accepts only numeric values before processing
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall with SQL injection protection rules as an immediate compensating control
• Audit database user permissions to ensure the application uses least-privilege database accounts

Patch Information

As of the last NVD update on 2025-10-09, no official vendor patch has been released for this vulnerability. Organizations using the affected code-projects E-Commerce Website 1.0 should implement workarounds and monitor the Code Projects website for security updates. Given the nature of this educational/demonstration software, users may need to implement their own code fixes or consider migrating to a more actively maintained e-commerce solution.

Workarounds

• Replace all dynamic SQL queries in edit_order_details.php with parameterized prepared statements to prevent SQL injection
• Implement strict input validation on the order_id parameter to accept only integer values using functions like intval() in PHP
• Restrict network access to the application to trusted IP ranges while awaiting a proper fix
• Consider disabling the edit order details functionality entirely if it is not essential for current operations

# Example .htaccess configuration to restrict access
# Add to /pages/.htaccess to limit access to edit_order_details.php

<Files "edit_order_details.php">
    # Deny access from all by default
    Order Deny,Allow
    Deny from all
    # Allow only from trusted admin IP addresses
    Allow from 192.168.1.0/24
    Allow from 10.0.0.0/8
</Files>