CVE-2025-10599: Internet Laboratory Management System SQLi

CVE-2025-10599 Overview

A SQL injection vulnerability has been discovered in itsourcecode Web-Based Internet Laboratory Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the User::AuthenticateUser function within the login.php file. An attacker can exploit this flaw by manipulating the user_email argument, allowing for SQL injection attacks. This vulnerability is remotely exploitable, and a public exploit has been released, increasing the risk of active exploitation.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can bypass authentication and potentially access, modify, or delete sensitive database contents through SQL injection in the login functionality.

Affected Products

• itsourcecode Web-Based Internet Laboratory Management System 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-09-17 - CVE-2025-10599 published to NVD
• 2025-09-22 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-10599

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-89) occurs due to improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands within the authentication mechanism. The vulnerable User::AuthenticateUser function in login.php fails to properly sanitize the user_email parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries. This allows attackers to inject arbitrary SQL statements that execute with the privileges of the database user associated with the web application.

The vulnerability is classified under both CWE-89 (SQL Injection) and CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output), indicating that user-supplied input is directly concatenated into SQL queries without adequate validation or parameterization.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is the lack of proper input sanitization and the absence of parameterized queries (prepared statements) in the User::AuthenticateUser function. The user_email parameter is directly incorporated into SQL statements, allowing malicious input to alter the query logic. This is a classic example of improper input validation leading to SQL injection.

Attack Vector

The attack can be conducted remotely over the network without requiring any prior authentication or user interaction. An attacker can craft a malicious HTTP request to the login.php endpoint, injecting SQL payloads through the user_email field. This could allow the attacker to:

• Bypass authentication controls entirely
• Extract sensitive data from the database including user credentials
• Modify or delete database records
• Potentially escalate to remote code execution depending on database configuration

The vulnerability exists in the login endpoint, which is typically exposed to unauthenticated users, making it an attractive target for attackers. A proof-of-concept exploit has been published to a GitHub PoC Repository, demonstrating the exploitability of this flaw.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-10599

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual SQL error messages in web server logs originating from login.php
• Malformed or suspicious user_email parameter values containing SQL syntax such as single quotes, UNION statements, or comment sequences
• Failed authentication attempts with abnormal patterns in the email field
• Database query logs showing unauthorized SELECT, UNION, or data extraction operations

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in login form submissions
• Monitor web server access logs for requests to login.php containing SQL injection indicators (e.g., ', --, UNION, SELECT, OR 1=1)
• Implement database activity monitoring to detect anomalous query patterns
• Use intrusion detection systems (IDS) with SQL injection signature detection enabled

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging for the login.php endpoint and database queries
• Set up alerts for multiple failed authentication attempts with malformed email addresses
• Monitor for data exfiltration patterns such as large query responses or unusual database access
• Review application logs regularly for SQL error messages that may indicate exploitation attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-10599

Immediate Actions Required

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to filter SQL injection attempts on the login endpoint
• Restrict network access to the application to trusted IP ranges if possible
• Enable additional logging and monitoring on the login.php endpoint
• Consider taking the application offline until a proper fix is implemented if risk is unacceptable

Patch Information

As of the last update on 2025-09-22, no official patch has been released by the vendor. Users should monitor the IT Source Code Resource for updates and security advisories. For additional vulnerability intelligence, refer to VulDB #324616.

Workarounds

• Implement parameterized queries (prepared statements) in the User::AuthenticateUser function to prevent SQL injection
• Add server-side input validation to sanitize the user_email parameter, rejecting inputs containing SQL metacharacters
• Deploy a WAF with SQL injection protection rules enabled for the login endpoint
• Limit database user privileges to the minimum required, reducing potential impact of successful exploitation

# Example WAF rule for ModSecurity to block SQL injection attempts
SecRule ARGS:user_email "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    log,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in user_email parameter'"