CVE-2025-10465: Birtech Sensaway RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-10465 Overview

CVE-2025-10465 is an Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability (CWE-434) affecting the Sensaway product from Birtech Information Technologies Industry and Trade Ltd. Co. This vulnerability allows attackers to upload a web shell to a web server, potentially leading to complete system compromise.

Critical Impact

Successful exploitation enables attackers to upload malicious web shells to the server, allowing arbitrary code execution, data exfiltration, and full system compromise.

Affected Products

• Sensaway versions through 09022026
• Birtech Information Technologies Industry and Trade Ltd. Co. products utilizing the vulnerable file upload functionality

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-02-09 - CVE-2025-10465 published to NVD
• 2026-02-09 - Last updated in NVD database

Note: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Technical Details for CVE-2025-10465

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability stems from improper validation of file uploads in the Sensaway application. The system fails to adequately restrict the types of files that can be uploaded, enabling attackers with low-level privileges to upload files with dangerous extensions such as .php, .asp, .jsp, or other executable server-side scripts.

The attack can be executed remotely over the network without any user interaction required. An authenticated attacker with minimal privileges can exploit this flaw to gain significantly elevated access to the underlying system.

Root Cause

The root cause is the absence of proper file type validation and content verification during the upload process. The application does not implement sufficient server-side checks to validate:

• File extension against an allowlist of permitted types
• MIME type verification
• File content inspection (magic byte validation)
• Filename sanitization to prevent path traversal

This allows malicious files to bypass any client-side restrictions and be stored in web-accessible directories where they can be executed.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based. An authenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by:

1. Authenticating to the Sensaway application with low-privilege credentials
2. Locating the file upload functionality within the application
3. Crafting a malicious web shell (e.g., PHP, ASP, JSP) disguised or presented as a legitimate file type
4. Uploading the malicious file through the vulnerable upload mechanism
5. Accessing the uploaded web shell via its URL to execute arbitrary commands on the server

Once the web shell is uploaded and accessible, the attacker gains the ability to execute arbitrary commands, access sensitive data, pivot to other systems, and potentially establish persistent backdoor access.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-10465

Indicators of Compromise

• Unexpected files with executable extensions (.php, .asp, .aspx, .jsp, .cgi) in upload directories
• Web server logs showing HTTP requests to newly uploaded files in upload directories
• Suspicious process execution spawned from web server processes
• Unusual network connections originating from the web server to external hosts

Detection Strategies

• Monitor file system changes in web-accessible upload directories for new executable files
• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block common web shell patterns
• Review web server access logs for requests to files in upload directories with suspicious parameters
• Deploy endpoint detection solutions to identify web shell behavior patterns

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable file integrity monitoring (FIM) on upload directories and web root folders
• Configure alerts for new files created with executable extensions in web directories
• Monitor for anomalous process trees where web server processes spawn shell commands
• Implement logging for all file upload activities with file metadata capture

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-10465

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict access to the file upload functionality until a patch is available
• Implement strict file type validation using server-side allowlists
• Store uploaded files outside the web root directory
• Remove execute permissions from upload directories
• Review and remove any suspicious files from upload directories

Patch Information

At the time of publication, no vendor patch has been made available. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. Organizations should implement compensating controls until an official patch is released.

For additional details, refer to the USOM Security Notification TR-26-0022.

Workarounds

• Configure the web server to prevent execution of scripts in upload directories using .htaccess (Apache) or web.config (IIS)
• Implement server-side file type validation by checking file magic bytes, not just extensions
• Rename uploaded files with random non-executable names and store original names in a database
• Apply network segmentation to limit the impact of a potential compromise
• Consider disabling the file upload feature entirely if not business-critical

# Example Apache .htaccess configuration to prevent script execution in upload directory
# Place this file in your upload directory

# Disable script execution
Options -ExecCGI
RemoveHandler .php .php3 .php4 .php5 .phtml .pl .py .cgi .asp .aspx .jsp

# Deny access to common web shell extensions
<FilesMatch "\.(php|php3|php4|php5|phtml|pl|py|cgi|asp|aspx|jsp)$">
    Require all denied
</FilesMatch>

# Set content type to force download instead of execution
<IfModule mod_mime.c>
    AddType application/octet-stream .php .php3 .php4 .php5 .phtml
</IfModule>