CVE-2025-10405: Baptism Management System SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-10405 Overview

CVE-2025-10405 is a SQL Injection vulnerability discovered in itsourcecode Baptism Information Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability affects the /listbaptism.php file, where improper handling of the bapt_id parameter allows attackers to inject malicious SQL commands. This flaw enables remote attackers to manipulate database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be actively utilized by threat actors.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL Injection vulnerability to extract sensitive baptism records, modify database contents, or potentially gain further system access through the compromised database layer.

Affected Products

• itsourcecode Baptism Information Management System 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• September 14, 2025 - CVE-2025-10405 published to NVD
• September 17, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-10405

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as SQL Injection (CWE-89) with an underlying Injection flaw (CWE-74). The vulnerability exists in the /listbaptism.php endpoint of the Baptism Information Management System. When processing requests to this file, the application fails to properly sanitize or parameterize the bapt_id argument before incorporating it into SQL queries. This allows an attacker to craft malicious input that alters the intended SQL statement structure, potentially bypassing authentication, extracting data from other tables, or executing administrative database operations.

The attack can be initiated remotely over the network without requiring any authentication or user interaction, making it particularly dangerous for internet-facing deployments of this system.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is improper input validation and the direct concatenation of user-supplied input into SQL queries without proper sanitization or the use of prepared statements. The bapt_id parameter is passed directly into database queries without escaping special characters or using parameterized queries, allowing SQL metacharacters to be interpreted as part of the query syntax rather than as literal data values.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-based, requiring no authentication or privileges. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to the /listbaptism.php endpoint with a maliciously crafted bapt_id parameter value. The injected SQL commands are then executed by the database server with the privileges of the application's database connection.

By manipulating the bapt_id parameter in requests to /listbaptism.php, attackers can inject SQL statements. Common attack patterns include appending UNION SELECT statements to extract data from other tables, using boolean-based or time-based blind injection techniques, or leveraging stacked queries where supported by the database driver. For detailed technical information, refer to the GitHub Issue Discussion and VulDB entry #323840.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-10405

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed requests to /listbaptism.php containing SQL syntax characters such as single quotes, double dashes, or UNION keywords in the bapt_id parameter
• Database error messages exposed in HTTP responses indicating SQL syntax errors
• Unexpected database query patterns or elevated query execution times in database logs
• Access logs showing repeated requests to /listbaptism.php with varying parameter patterns indicative of automated injection testing

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAF) with SQL Injection detection rules to inspect and block malicious requests targeting /listbaptism.php
• Enable database query logging and monitor for suspicious patterns such as UNION-based queries, error-based extraction attempts, or time-delay functions
• Implement application-level logging to capture all requests to the affected endpoint with full parameter values for forensic analysis

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor web server access logs for requests to /listbaptism.php with abnormal bapt_id parameter values
• Set up alerting for database errors originating from the application's database user account
• Utilize SentinelOne Singularity XDR to correlate web application events with endpoint telemetry for comprehensive threat detection

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-10405

Immediate Actions Required

• Take the affected Baptism Information Management System offline or restrict access to trusted networks only until a patch can be applied
• Implement Web Application Firewall rules to block requests containing SQL injection patterns in the bapt_id parameter
• Review database logs for evidence of prior exploitation and assess data integrity
• Apply the principle of least privilege to the database account used by the application to limit the impact of successful exploitation

Patch Information

No official vendor patch is currently available from itsourcecode for this vulnerability. Organizations using the Baptism Information Management System should monitor the itsourcecode website for security updates. In the absence of an official fix, consider implementing the code-level mitigations described below or migrating to a more secure alternative solution.

Workarounds

• Modify the source code of /listbaptism.php to use prepared statements or parameterized queries for all database operations involving the bapt_id parameter
• Implement strict input validation to ensure bapt_id only accepts numeric values using server-side validation
• Deploy network-level access controls to restrict access to the application from trusted IP addresses only
• Consider placing the application behind a reverse proxy with SQL injection filtering capabilities

# Example: Apache mod_rewrite rule to block common SQL injection patterns
# Add to .htaccess or Apache configuration
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (\%27)|(\')|(\-\-)|(\%23)|(#) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (union.*select) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (select.*from) [NC]
RewriteRule ^listbaptism\.php$ - [F,L]