CVE-2025-10118: E-logbook Health Monitoring SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-10118 Overview

A SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in itsourcecode E-Logbook with Health Monitoring System for COVID-19 version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /login.php file where the Username parameter is improperly handled, allowing attackers to inject malicious SQL statements. This attack can be executed remotely without authentication, potentially compromising the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive health monitoring data.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability remotely to extract, modify, or delete sensitive COVID-19 health monitoring records and user credentials from the database.

Affected Products

• Emiloi E-Logbook with Health Monitoring System for COVID-19 version 1.0
• Systems running /login.php with vulnerable Username parameter handling

Discovery Timeline

• September 9, 2025 - CVE-2025-10118 published to NVD
• September 10, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-10118

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component), commonly manifesting as SQL injection. The vulnerable application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the Username parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries. This allows attackers to manipulate the underlying database queries by injecting specially crafted SQL statements through the login form.

The attack can be carried out remotely over the network without requiring prior authentication or user interaction. The public disclosure of exploitation techniques increases the risk of widespread attacks against unpatched installations.

Root Cause

The root cause stems from insufficient input validation and lack of parameterized queries in the /login.php file. The application directly concatenates user-supplied Username values into SQL statements without proper escaping or sanitization. This implementation flaw allows attackers to break out of the intended query context and execute arbitrary SQL commands.

Attack Vector

The vulnerability is exploited through network-based attacks targeting the login page. An attacker submits a maliciously crafted Username value containing SQL metacharacters and commands through the login form at /login.php. Since the application does not properly validate or escape this input, the injected SQL becomes part of the executed database query.

Attackers can leverage this to bypass authentication, extract sensitive data from the database including user credentials and health records, modify or delete records, or potentially gain further system access depending on the database configuration. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, as documented in the GitHub Issue Discussion.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-10118

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual SQL error messages appearing in application logs or web responses from /login.php
• Abnormal database query patterns containing SQL keywords (UNION, SELECT, OR, --) in Username field submissions
• Failed login attempts with suspiciously long or malformed usernames containing special characters
• Evidence of database enumeration attempts or unexpected data extraction

Detection Strategies

• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect SQL injection patterns in POST parameters to /login.php
• Configure database auditing to log and alert on unusual query patterns or failed query syntax errors
• Deploy intrusion detection systems with signatures for common SQL injection attack payloads
• Monitor application logs for increased failed authentication attempts with SQL-like syntax

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging for the /login.php endpoint and monitor for anomalous input patterns
• Set up alerts for database errors that may indicate SQL injection attempts
• Monitor for unusual database query execution times or resource consumption
• Track and investigate any unauthorized access to health monitoring records

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-10118

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict public network access to the vulnerable E-Logbook application until patched
• Implement input validation on the Username parameter to reject SQL special characters
• Deploy a web application firewall with SQL injection protection rules
• Review database logs for evidence of prior exploitation attempts

Patch Information

No official vendor patch has been released at this time. The vulnerability was disclosed via VulDB #323088 and additional technical information is available through the GitHub Issue Discussion. Organizations should monitor IT Source Code for potential updates.

Workarounds

• Implement prepared statements with parameterized queries in the PHP code handling login functionality
• Add server-side input validation to sanitize the Username parameter before database queries
• Configure database user permissions with least privilege principles to limit the impact of SQL injection
• Consider network segmentation to isolate the health monitoring system from untrusted networks

# Example Apache configuration to restrict access while awaiting patch
<Directory "/var/www/html/e-logbook">
    # Restrict access to trusted IP ranges only
    Require ip 10.0.0.0/8 192.168.0.0/16
    
    # Deny external access to login.php
    <Files "login.php">
        Require ip 10.0.0.0/8 192.168.0.0/16
    </Files>
</Directory>