CVE-2025-0987: CVLand Auth Bypass Vulnerability

CVE-2025-0987 Overview

CVE-2025-0987 is an Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability (CWE-639) affecting CVLand software developed by CB Project Ltd. Co. This vulnerability enables Parameter Injection attacks, allowing authenticated attackers to bypass authorization controls and access resources belonging to other users or perform unauthorized actions within the application.

Critical Impact

This critical severity vulnerability allows attackers to bypass authorization mechanisms through user-controlled key manipulation, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data, privilege escalation, and compromise of confidential information across the affected CVLand platform.

Affected Products

• CVLand versions 2.1.0 through 20251103

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-11-03 - CVE CVE-2025-0987 published to NVD
• 2026-03-26 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-0987

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability falls under CWE-639 (Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key), which occurs when an application uses user-controlled input to determine which resources or actions a user can access. In the case of CVLand, the application fails to properly validate that the user making a request is authorized to access the specific resource identified by a user-controlled parameter.

The vulnerability is exploitable over the network with low attack complexity, requiring only low-level privileges and no user interaction. The scope of impact extends beyond the vulnerable component, affecting confidentiality and integrity at high levels, with some impact on availability.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability lies in improper authorization checks within CVLand's parameter handling logic. The application trusts user-supplied identifiers or keys without adequately verifying that the requesting user has legitimate access rights to the referenced resources. This design flaw allows attackers to manipulate parameters such as user IDs, document identifiers, or other reference keys to gain unauthorized access to data or functionality intended for other users.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, allowing remote exploitation. An attacker with low-level authentication to the CVLand system can manipulate request parameters to reference resources belonging to other users or administrative functions. This is commonly achieved through techniques such as:

The vulnerability manifests through Parameter Injection, where attackers modify identifiers in API requests, form submissions, or URL parameters. By systematically enumerating or guessing valid identifiers, attackers can access unauthorized records, modify data belonging to other users, or escalate their privileges within the application. The changed scope characteristic indicates that successful exploitation can affect resources beyond the vulnerable component's security authority.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-0987

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual patterns of sequential or enumerated parameter values in application logs
• Access to resources by users who should not have authorization
• Multiple failed authorization attempts followed by successful access with different parameter values
• Anomalous API request patterns showing parameter manipulation across different user contexts

Detection Strategies

• Implement logging and alerting for requests where the user ID in the request parameters differs from the authenticated user's session
• Monitor application logs for patterns indicating horizontal privilege escalation attempts
• Deploy web application firewall rules to detect parameter tampering patterns
• Utilize anomaly detection to identify users accessing unusually high numbers of different resource identifiers

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed access logging within CVLand application servers to capture all parameter values in requests
• Implement real-time alerting for authorization failures followed by subsequent successful access attempts
• Monitor database query patterns for unusual access patterns across multiple user accounts
• Review application audit logs regularly for signs of unauthorized data access or modification

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-0987

Immediate Actions Required

• Identify all CVLand instances running affected versions (2.1.0 through 20251103) within your environment
• Implement additional access controls at the network layer to limit exposure of vulnerable systems
• Review application logs for evidence of exploitation attempts
• Contact CB Project Ltd. Co. for remediation guidance and patch availability
• Consider disabling or restricting access to the affected functionality until a patch is available

Patch Information

The vendor (CB Project Ltd. Co.) was contacted about this vulnerability but did not respond. No official patch information is currently available. Organizations should monitor the USOM Security Notification for updates regarding this vulnerability.

Workarounds

• Implement server-side authorization checks that validate user permissions against the authenticated session rather than user-supplied parameters
• Deploy web application firewall rules to detect and block parameter manipulation attempts
• Restrict network access to CVLand to trusted networks only until a vendor patch becomes available
• Implement additional logging and monitoring to detect exploitation attempts
• Consider implementing rate limiting to slow enumeration-based attacks

Organizations running affected versions should prioritize implementing compensating controls given the lack of vendor response and the critical severity of this vulnerability.