CVE-2025-9662 Overview
CVE-2025-9662 is a SQL injection vulnerability in code-projects Simple Grading System 1.0. The flaw resides in the /login.php file of the Admin Panel component. Attackers can manipulate input parameters to inject arbitrary SQL statements into the underlying database query. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without authentication or user interaction. A public disclosure of the exploit technique exists, increasing the risk of opportunistic exploitation against exposed installations. The issue is classified under [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component).
Critical Impact
Unauthenticated remote attackers can inject SQL queries through the admin login endpoint, potentially exposing credentials, grading records, and other database contents.
Affected Products
- Fabian Simple Grading System 1.0
- code-projects Simple Grading System distribution
- Deployments referencing cpe:2.3:a:fabian:simple_grading_system:1.0
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-08-29 - CVE-2025-9662 published to NVD
- 2026-04-29 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-9662
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability exists in an unspecified function inside /login.php within the Admin Panel of Simple Grading System 1.0. User-supplied parameters submitted to the login handler are concatenated directly into a SQL statement without proper sanitization or parameterization. An attacker can craft input that breaks out of the intended query context and append arbitrary SQL clauses. Because the endpoint is reachable over the network and requires no authentication, exploitation can occur from any host capable of reaching the application. Public disclosure of the exploit increases the likelihood of automated scanning and exploitation attempts.
Root Cause
The root cause is improper neutralization of special characters passed to the login query. The application constructs SQL strings using untrusted input from the login form fields, such as username or password. Without prepared statements or input validation, special characters like single quotes and SQL keywords pass through to the database engine. This allows attackers to alter query logic, bypass authentication checks, or extract data through boolean-based and union-based injection techniques.
Attack Vector
An attacker sends a crafted HTTP POST request to /login.php containing malicious SQL payloads in the credential fields. The injected SQL executes within the database context used by the application. Depending on database privileges, attackers can read arbitrary tables, modify records, or enumerate the schema. No prior credentials or user interaction are required, and the attack can be performed remotely against any exposed instance. See the VulDB entry for this vulnerability and the referenced technical write-up for additional context.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-9662
Indicators of Compromise
- POST requests to /login.php containing SQL metacharacters such as ', --, UNION, OR 1=1, or SLEEP(
- Repeated failed login attempts followed by anomalous successful authentication from the same source IP
- Database error messages or 500-series responses originating from /login.php in web server logs
Detection Strategies
- Inspect web server access logs for suspicious query strings or POST bodies targeting /login.php in Simple Grading System installations
- Deploy a web application firewall ruleset that flags SQL injection patterns against login endpoints
- Correlate database query logs with web requests to identify malformed or unusually long SQL statements tied to login activity
Monitoring Recommendations
- Enable verbose logging for the web server and the backing database to capture full request bodies and executed queries
- Monitor for outbound data transfers from the database host that exceed normal baselines
- Alert on administrator account logins originating from unexpected geolocations or networks
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-9662
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict network access to the Simple Grading System Admin Panel using firewall rules or IP allowlisting until a fix is applied
- Audit the application database for unauthorized changes to user, grade, and credential tables
- Rotate administrator credentials and any secrets that may have been exposed through the database
Patch Information
No official vendor patch is listed in the available references for CVE-2025-9662. Operators should monitor the code-projects resource hub for updates. In the absence of an upstream fix, the recommended remediation is to modify /login.php to use parameterized queries or prepared statements, and to enforce strict server-side input validation on all login parameters.
Workarounds
- Place the application behind a web application firewall configured to block SQL injection signatures on /login.php
- Refactor the affected query to use parameterized statements such as PDO prepared statements or mysqli_prepare with bound parameters
- Apply the principle of least privilege to the database user account used by the application, removing rights to read sensitive system tables
- Disable or remove the Admin Panel from internet-facing deployments if it is not required for operations
# Example: restrict access to /login.php via Apache configuration
<Location "/login.php">
Require ip 10.0.0.0/8
Require ip 192.168.0.0/16
</Location>
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
