CVE-2025-6406 Overview
A SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in Campcodes Online Hospital Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /hms/forgot-password.php file, where the fullname parameter is not properly sanitized before being used in SQL queries. This allows remote attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting malicious SQL statements through user-supplied input.
Critical Impact
Attackers can exploit this SQL injection flaw to extract sensitive patient data, modify hospital records, bypass authentication mechanisms, or potentially gain unauthorized access to the underlying database server.
Affected Products
- Campcodes Online Hospital Management System version 1.0
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-06-21 - CVE-2025-6406 published to NVD
- 2025-06-24 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-6406
Vulnerability Analysis
This SQL injection vulnerability affects the password recovery functionality in the Campcodes Online Hospital Management System. The forgot-password.php file accepts user input through the fullname parameter without implementing proper input validation or parameterized queries. When a user submits a password reset request, the application directly incorporates the fullname value into SQL statements, creating an injection point that attackers can exploit remotely without authentication.
The vulnerability is classified under CWE-89 (SQL Injection) and CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component). The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation in the wild.
Root Cause
The root cause of this vulnerability is the failure to implement proper input sanitization and parameterized queries in the forgot-password.php file. The fullname parameter is directly concatenated into SQL queries without escaping special characters or using prepared statements. This classic SQL injection pattern allows attackers to break out of the intended query structure and execute arbitrary SQL commands.
Attack Vector
The attack can be launched remotely over the network without requiring authentication. An attacker can craft a malicious HTTP request to the /hms/forgot-password.php endpoint, injecting SQL payloads through the fullname parameter. The vulnerability allows attackers to perform various SQL injection techniques including UNION-based injection, boolean-based blind injection, and time-based blind injection to extract database contents.
The vulnerable endpoint processes password reset requests and queries the database to find matching user records. By manipulating the fullname input, attackers can modify the query logic to return unauthorized data, bypass authentication checks, or execute database commands. Technical details and proof-of-concept information can be found in the GitHub CVE Issue Discussion and VulDB #313400.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-6406
Indicators of Compromise
- Unusual or malformed requests to /hms/forgot-password.php containing SQL metacharacters such as single quotes, double dashes, or UNION keywords
- Database error messages in web server logs indicating SQL syntax errors from the forgot-password functionality
- Abnormal database query patterns or increased query execution times on the hospital management database
- Unexpected data access or extraction from patient records tables
Detection Strategies
- Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the fullname parameter
- Implement application-layer logging to capture all requests to /hms/forgot-password.php with payload inspection
- Monitor database query logs for suspicious queries originating from the web application
- Configure intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for common SQL injection attack patterns
Monitoring Recommendations
- Enable verbose logging on the web server for the /hms/ directory to capture request parameters
- Set up database activity monitoring to alert on unusual query patterns or bulk data extraction
- Implement real-time alerting for multiple failed password reset attempts from the same source
- Monitor for connections to the database from unexpected hosts that could indicate successful exploitation
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-6406
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict network access to the Hospital Management System to trusted IP ranges only
- Implement a web application firewall (WAF) rule to filter SQL injection patterns on the fullname parameter
- Disable or temporarily restrict access to the /hms/forgot-password.php endpoint until a patch is available
- Review database access logs for signs of previous exploitation attempts
Patch Information
As of the last update on 2025-06-24, no official vendor patch has been released for this vulnerability. Organizations using Campcodes Online Hospital Management System should monitor the CampCodes website and VulDB for patch announcements. Given the public disclosure of this vulnerability, immediate compensating controls are strongly recommended.
Workarounds
- Implement input validation on the fullname parameter to allow only alphanumeric characters and common name characters
- Deploy a web application firewall with SQL injection protection in front of the application
- Modify the application code to use parameterized queries or prepared statements for all database interactions
- Consider network segmentation to isolate the hospital management system from the broader network
# Example WAF rule for ModSecurity to block SQL injection on forgot-password.php
SecRule REQUEST_URI "@contains /hms/forgot-password.php" \
"chain,id:10001,phase:2,deny,log,msg:'SQL Injection attempt on forgot-password'"
SecRule ARGS:fullname "@detectSQLi" "t:none"
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