CVE-2025-58477 Overview
CVE-2025-58477 is an out-of-bounds write vulnerability affecting Samsung Android devices in the libimagecodec.quram.so library. The vulnerability exists in the parsing of IFD (Image File Directory) tags, a core component of image format specifications such as TIFF and EXIF. Remote attackers can exploit this flaw to access out-of-bounds memory, potentially leading to information disclosure from device memory.
This medium-severity vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 score of 6.5, with a network-based attack vector requiring user interaction. The vulnerability enables unauthorized read access to sensitive memory regions, posing significant confidentiality risks for affected Samsung devices.
Critical Impact
Remote attackers can exploit improper bounds checking in image parsing to read out-of-bounds memory, potentially exposing sensitive device data through maliciously crafted image files.
Affected Products
- Samsung Android 13.0 (all SMR releases prior to December 2025)
- Samsung Android 14.0 (all SMR releases prior to December 2025)
- Samsung Android 15.0 (all SMR releases prior to December 2025)
- Samsung Android 16.0 (all SMR releases prior to December 2025)
Discovery Timeline
- December 2, 2025 - CVE-2025-58477 published to NVD
- December 5, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-58477
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability resides within libimagecodec.quram.so, a shared library responsible for image codec operations on Samsung Android devices. The flaw specifically occurs during the parsing of IFD (Image File Directory) tags, which are structured metadata entries commonly found in TIFF, EXIF, and related image formats.
IFD tags contain information such as image dimensions, color space, and other metadata. Each IFD entry typically includes a tag identifier, data type, count, and value/offset fields. The vulnerable code fails to properly validate the bounds when processing these tag structures, allowing an attacker to craft malicious image files that trigger out-of-bounds memory access.
The CVSS vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N indicates:
- Attack Vector (AV:N): Network-based exploitation
- Attack Complexity (AC:L): Low complexity required
- Privileges Required (PR:N): No authentication needed
- User Interaction (UI:R): Requires user to open/view malicious image
- Confidentiality Impact (C:H): High - sensitive memory disclosure
- Integrity/Availability: No direct impact
The EPSS score of 0.057% (17.96th percentile) suggests relatively low likelihood of exploitation in the wild, though the severity of potential data exposure remains significant.
Root Cause
The root cause is classified as CWE-787 (Out-of-bounds Write). The libimagecodec.quram.so library lacks proper boundary validation when parsing IFD tag structures. When processing image metadata, the parsing routine does not adequately verify that:
- Tag count values fall within expected ranges
- Offset calculations do not exceed allocated buffer boundaries
- Computed memory addresses remain within valid memory regions
This insufficient bounds checking allows malformed IFD entries to reference memory locations beyond the allocated image buffer, enabling an attacker to read adjacent memory contents.
Attack Vector
The attack vector for CVE-2025-58477 is network-based and requires user interaction. A typical attack scenario involves:
Delivery: An attacker crafts a malicious image file (TIFF, JPEG with EXIF, or similar format) containing specially constructed IFD tags with manipulated offset or count values.
Distribution: The malicious image is delivered to the target via email attachment, messaging application, web page, or any mechanism that presents images to the user.
Trigger: When the victim opens or previews the image on an affected Samsung device, the libimagecodec.quram.so library processes the file.
Exploitation: The malformed IFD tags cause the parser to read beyond allocated buffer boundaries, potentially exposing sensitive data stored in adjacent memory regions.
Information Disclosure: The attacker may retrieve sensitive information depending on what data resides in the leaked memory regions.
The vulnerability mechanism involves improper validation of IFD tag structures during image parsing. When the library encounters a crafted IFD entry with manipulated offset or count values, it calculates memory addresses without proper bounds verification, leading to out-of-bounds memory access. For detailed technical implementation, refer to the Samsung security advisory.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-58477
Indicators of Compromise
- Unexpected crashes in image processing applications or system services related to libimagecodec.quram.so
- Abnormal memory access patterns logged by system security tools
- Receipt of unusual or malformed image files from untrusted sources
- System log entries indicating memory access violations in image codec operations
Detection Strategies
File-Based Detection:
Monitor for image files with anomalous IFD structures:
- Unusually large tag count values in IFD entries
- Offset values pointing outside expected file boundaries
- Malformed TIFF/EXIF headers with inconsistent field lengths
Runtime Monitoring:
- Enable AddressSanitizer (ASan) in development/testing environments to detect out-of-bounds memory access
- Monitor for segmentation faults or memory corruption signals from image processing components
- Implement file integrity monitoring for image downloads and attachments
Mobile Device Management (MDM):
- Deploy policies to scan inbound attachments and downloads for malformed image structures
- Enable enhanced logging for image processing events
- Use SentinelOne Mobile Threat Defense to detect anomalous application behavior
Monitoring Recommendations
Organizations should implement the following monitoring strategies:
Endpoint Detection: Deploy SentinelOne agents on managed Android devices to monitor for behavioral indicators of exploitation attempts.
Network Inspection: Implement deep packet inspection for image files traversing the network, particularly in email and messaging traffic.
Application Logging: Enable verbose logging for image processing operations where possible to capture anomalous parsing events.
Update Monitoring: Track Samsung SMR release cycles and ensure devices receive the December 2025 security update.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-58477
Immediate Actions Required
- Apply the Samsung SMR December 2025 Release 1 security update immediately on all affected devices
- Advise users to avoid opening image files from untrusted or unknown sources until patching is complete
- Enable automatic security updates on Samsung devices to receive patches promptly
- Deploy mobile threat defense solutions to detect exploitation attempts
- Review and restrict image handling in enterprise messaging and email applications
Patch Information
Samsung has addressed this vulnerability in the SMR December 2025 Release 1 security update. The patch corrects the bounds checking logic in the libimagecodec.quram.so library to properly validate IFD tag structures before processing.
Patch Availability:
- Release: SMR Dec-2025 Release 1
- Vendor Advisory: Samsung Security Update December 2025
- Affected Versions: Samsung Android 13.0, 14.0, 15.0, and 16.0 prior to December 2025 SMR
Organizations managing fleets of Samsung devices should prioritize deployment of this update through their MDM solution.
Workarounds
If immediate patching is not feasible, consider the following temporary mitigations:
Restrict Image Sources: Configure email and messaging clients to strip or quarantine image attachments from external sources.
Disable Auto-Preview: Where possible, disable automatic image preview in messaging and email applications to prevent unintended processing of malicious files.
Network Filtering: Implement network-level inspection to detect and block potentially malicious image files before they reach endpoints.
User Awareness: Educate users about the risks of opening images from unknown sources and encourage reporting of suspicious files.
# Android Debug Bridge command to verify SMR patch level
adb shell getprop ro.build.version.security_patch
# Expected output for patched devices: 2025-12-01 or later
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
