CVE-2025-5359: Hospital Management System SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-5359 Overview

A critical SQL Injection vulnerability has been identified in Campcodes Online Hospital Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /appointment-history.php file, where improper handling of the ID parameter allows attackers to inject malicious SQL commands. This flaw enables remote attackers to manipulate database queries without authentication, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion of sensitive patient and hospital information.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL Injection vulnerability to access or manipulate sensitive healthcare data, including patient records, appointment histories, and administrative credentials stored in the database.

Affected Products

• Campcodes Online Hospital Management System 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-05-30 - CVE CVE-2025-5359 published to NVD
• 2025-06-10 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-5359

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL Injection vulnerability resides in the appointment history functionality of the Campcodes Online Hospital Management System. The application fails to properly sanitize or parameterize user-supplied input through the ID argument before incorporating it into SQL queries. When a user accesses the /appointment-history.php endpoint, the ID parameter is directly concatenated into database queries without adequate input validation.

The vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network without requiring any authentication or user interaction. Successful exploitation allows attackers to read arbitrary data from the database, bypass authentication mechanisms, modify or delete records, and potentially gain further access to the underlying system depending on database permissions.

Healthcare management systems contain highly sensitive protected health information (PHI), making this vulnerability particularly concerning from both a security and regulatory compliance perspective.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper input validation and the use of unsanitized user input in SQL query construction. The application directly incorporates the ID parameter from HTTP requests into SQL statements without using parameterized queries, prepared statements, or proper input sanitization. This classic injection vulnerability pattern violates fundamental secure coding practices for database interactions.

Attack Vector

The attack can be initiated remotely over the network by sending a crafted HTTP request to the vulnerable /appointment-history.php endpoint. An attacker manipulates the ID parameter to include SQL syntax that alters the intended query logic. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability, making it accessible to any network-connected attacker.

For example, an attacker could inject SQL commands through the ID parameter to extract database contents, enumerate table structures, or bypass application logic. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, and technical details are available through the GitHub CVE Issue Discussion and VulDB CVE Analysis.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-5359

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual SQL syntax patterns appearing in web server access logs for /appointment-history.php
• Multiple requests to /appointment-history.php with varying ID parameter values containing special characters such as single quotes, double dashes, or SQL keywords
• Database error messages being logged or returned in HTTP responses indicating malformed queries
• Unexpected database queries or data access patterns originating from web application processes

Detection Strategies

• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block common SQL injection patterns targeting the ID parameter
• Deploy intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for SQL injection attack patterns in HTTP traffic
• Enable and monitor detailed web server access logs, filtering for requests to /appointment-history.php with suspicious parameter values
• Configure database activity monitoring to alert on anomalous query patterns or unauthorized data access

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor application logs for database connection errors or SQL syntax exceptions
• Set up alerting for high-frequency requests to the vulnerable endpoint from single IP addresses
• Review database audit logs for unauthorized SELECT, UPDATE, or DELETE operations
• Implement real-time security monitoring for the hospital management system application tier

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-5359

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the Online Hospital Management System to trusted IP ranges only
• Implement a web application firewall with SQL injection protection rules in front of the application
• If possible, disable or remove the /appointment-history.php functionality until a patch is available
• Review database permissions and apply principle of least privilege to the web application's database account
• Audit database logs for any signs of prior exploitation

Patch Information

As of the last NVD update on 2025-06-10, no official vendor patch has been released for this vulnerability. Organizations using Campcodes Online Hospital Management System 1.0 should monitor the CampCodes Security Resources for security updates and patch releases. Consider contacting the vendor directly regarding remediation timelines.

Workarounds

• Deploy input validation at the application layer to sanitize the ID parameter, allowing only numeric values
• Place the application behind a reverse proxy with request filtering capabilities to block malicious payloads
• If source code access is available, modify the vulnerable PHP code to use prepared statements with parameterized queries
• Implement network segmentation to isolate the hospital management system from direct internet access
• Consider taking the system offline temporarily if handling critical patient data until proper remediation is possible

# Example WAF rule for ModSecurity to block SQL injection attempts
SecRule ARGS:ID "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in ID parameter',\
    log,\
    auditlog"