CVE-2025-49784: Fortinet FortiAnalyzer SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-49784 Overview

CVE-2025-49784 is a SQL Injection vulnerability affecting Fortinet FortiAnalyzer and FortiAnalyzer-BigData products across multiple versions. This vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands, allowing authenticated attackers to execute unauthorized code or commands via specifically crafted requests.

Critical Impact

Authenticated attackers can leverage this SQL injection flaw to execute unauthorized code or commands, potentially compromising data confidentiality, integrity, and availability of FortiAnalyzer deployments.

Affected Products

• Fortinet FortiAnalyzer 7.6.0 through 7.6.4
• Fortinet FortiAnalyzer 7.4.0 through 7.4.7
• Fortinet FortiAnalyzer 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions, 6.4 all versions
• Fortinet FortiAnalyzer-BigData 7.6.0
• Fortinet FortiAnalyzer-BigData 7.4.0 through 7.4.4
• Fortinet FortiAnalyzer-BigData 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions, 6.4 all versions, 6.2 all versions

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-03-10 - CVE-2025-49784 published to NVD
• 2026-03-12 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-49784

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL Injection vulnerability (CWE-89) exists within Fortinet FortiAnalyzer and FortiAnalyzer-BigData products. The flaw allows authenticated users to inject malicious SQL commands through crafted requests. While authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability, the attack can be executed remotely over the network without user interaction. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to manipulate database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or execution of system commands on the underlying database server.

Root Cause

The vulnerability originates from improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands. The affected FortiAnalyzer components fail to adequately sanitize user-supplied input before incorporating it into SQL queries. This lack of proper input validation allows attackers with valid credentials to inject arbitrary SQL syntax that gets executed by the database engine, bypassing intended query logic and security controls.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-based and requires authenticated access to the FortiAnalyzer management interface. An attacker with valid credentials can craft malicious requests containing SQL injection payloads. These payloads are then processed by the application and executed against the backend database without proper sanitization.

The exploitation sequence typically involves:

1. Authenticating to the FortiAnalyzer management interface with valid credentials
2. Identifying input fields or API endpoints that process SQL queries
3. Crafting requests with SQL injection payloads designed to manipulate query logic
4. Executing the malicious requests to achieve unauthorized data access or command execution

Due to the authenticated nature of this vulnerability, exploitation requires either compromised credentials, insider access, or chaining with another vulnerability that provides authentication bypass.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-49784

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual database queries containing SQL syntax characters such as single quotes, semicolons, or UNION statements in FortiAnalyzer logs
• Unexpected database errors or timeout conditions following API requests
• Evidence of data exfiltration or unauthorized database modifications
• Anomalous authenticated session activity with repeated malformed requests

Detection Strategies

• Deploy network intrusion detection rules to identify SQL injection patterns in traffic destined for FortiAnalyzer management interfaces
• Configure FortiAnalyzer to log all API requests and database queries for forensic analysis
• Implement database activity monitoring to detect unusual query patterns or unauthorized data access attempts
• Review authentication logs for suspicious credential usage patterns that may indicate compromised accounts being used for exploitation

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable verbose logging on FortiAnalyzer systems and forward logs to a centralized SIEM for correlation
• Monitor for unusual database performance metrics that could indicate injection attacks
• Set up alerts for authentication events from unexpected source IP addresses
• Regularly audit database access patterns and query logs for anomalies

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-49784

Immediate Actions Required

• Review the Fortinet PSIRT Advisory FG-IR-26-095 for specific remediation guidance
• Restrict access to FortiAnalyzer management interfaces to trusted networks only
• Implement network segmentation to limit exposure of FortiAnalyzer systems
• Review and rotate credentials for all FortiAnalyzer administrative accounts
• Enable multi-factor authentication for all management access where supported

Patch Information

Fortinet has released security updates to address this vulnerability. Organizations should consult the Fortinet PSIRT Advisory FG-IR-26-095 for specific patch versions and upgrade guidance. Affected organizations should prioritize upgrading to patched versions of FortiAnalyzer and FortiAnalyzer-BigData as outlined in the advisory.

Workarounds

• Limit management interface access to trusted IP addresses using firewall rules
• Implement a web application firewall (WAF) in front of FortiAnalyzer management interfaces to filter SQL injection attempts
• Conduct regular access reviews to remove unnecessary administrative accounts
• Monitor and alert on any authentication attempts from untrusted sources

# Example: Restrict FortiAnalyzer management access to specific trusted networks
# Configure firewall rules to limit access to management interface
config system interface
    edit "port1"
        set allowaccess ping https ssh
        set trusted-hosts 10.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.0/24
    next
end