CVE-2025-48757: Lovable Information Disclosure Vulnerability

CVE-2025-48757 Overview

An insufficient database Row-Level Security (RLS) policy in Lovable through 2025-04-15 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to read or write to arbitrary database tables of generated sites. This Broken Access Control vulnerability (CWE-863: Incorrect Authorization) exposes sensitive data and allows unauthorized modifications to databases powering applications built on the Lovable platform.

Critical Impact

Remote unauthenticated attackers can access and modify arbitrary database tables on Lovable-generated sites, potentially exposing sensitive user data and compromising application integrity across the platform.

Affected Products

• Lovable platform (through 2025-04-15)
• Applications and sites generated using Lovable
• Backend databases associated with Lovable-generated applications

Discovery Timeline

• May 30, 2025 - CVE-2025-48757 published to NVD
• August 21, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-48757

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability stems from an insufficient implementation of Row-Level Security (RLS) policies in Lovable's database architecture. RLS is a security feature that restricts which rows in a database table a user can access. When properly implemented, RLS ensures that users can only view or modify data they are authorized to access. In this case, the RLS policies were not adequately configured, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to bypass access controls entirely.

The vulnerability affects the Lovable platform, which is used to generate web applications. Sites built using this platform inherit the flawed security configuration, leaving their underlying databases exposed to unauthorized access. This represents a significant supply-chain security concern, as multiple downstream applications may be affected.

It is worth noting that this CVE is disputed by the supplier, who states that individual customers of the Lovable platform accept responsibility for protecting their application data.

Root Cause

The root cause is an improper implementation of database Row-Level Security policies (CWE-863: Incorrect Authorization). The RLS configuration failed to adequately restrict database access based on user authentication status, resulting in a Broken Access Control condition. This allowed any remote attacker—without any authentication credentials—to interact with database tables that should have been protected.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-based and requires no authentication or user interaction. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely by directly querying the exposed database endpoints of Lovable-generated applications. The lack of proper RLS enforcement means that standard database operations (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) can be executed against arbitrary tables without proper authorization checks.

The vulnerability allows attackers to:

• Read sensitive data from any database table
• Write or modify existing records
• Potentially escalate access to other components depending on the application architecture

For technical exploitation details, refer to the Matt Palmer CVE-2025-48757 Analysis and the GitHub Gist Code Snippet documenting the vulnerability mechanism.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-48757

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual database query patterns from unauthenticated sessions
• Unexpected data access or modifications in application databases
• Database logs showing queries against tables from sources without valid authentication tokens
• Anomalous read/write operations that bypass normal application workflows

Detection Strategies

• Monitor database access logs for queries originating from unauthenticated or unexpected sources
• Implement database activity monitoring (DAM) solutions to detect unauthorized table access
• Review application logs for API calls that indicate direct database manipulation attempts
• Deploy network-level monitoring to identify suspicious traffic patterns to database endpoints

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable comprehensive database audit logging for all Lovable-generated applications
• Configure alerts for any database operations performed without proper authentication context
• Establish baseline access patterns to identify anomalous database activity
• Regularly review RLS policy configurations and test their effectiveness

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-48757

Immediate Actions Required

• Review and strengthen Row-Level Security policies on all Lovable-generated application databases
• Implement additional authentication layers before database access is permitted
• Audit existing database tables for signs of unauthorized access or modification
• Consider temporarily restricting public access to affected applications until proper controls are in place

Patch Information

Users should monitor the Lovable Changelog for security updates and patches addressing this vulnerability. As of the CVE publication, the vendor has disputed the vulnerability classification, stating that individual customers are responsible for protecting their application data. Organizations using Lovable should implement their own security controls regardless of vendor stance.

Additional context is available in the Matt Palmer CVE-2025-48757 Statement.

Workarounds

• Implement custom RLS policies at the database level that enforce strict authentication requirements
• Add application-layer access controls to validate user authorization before database operations
• Use API gateways with authentication enforcement as a protective layer before database access
• Consider migrating sensitive data to self-managed database infrastructure with proper security configurations

# Example PostgreSQL RLS policy configuration
# Enable RLS on sensitive tables
ALTER TABLE your_table ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;

# Create policy requiring authenticated users
CREATE POLICY authenticated_access ON your_table
    FOR ALL
    TO authenticated
    USING (auth.uid() = user_id);

# Deny access by default for anonymous users
CREATE POLICY deny_anonymous ON your_table
    FOR ALL
    TO anon
    USING (false);