CVE-2025-42887 Overview
CVE-2025-42887 is a critical code injection vulnerability in SAP Solution Manager caused by missing input sanitization. The flaw allows an authenticated attacker to insert malicious code when calling a remote-enabled function module. Successful exploitation could provide the attacker with full control of the system, leading to a complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
This vulnerability is classified as CWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code - Code Injection), indicating that the application constructs code segments using externally-influenced input without proper neutralization of special elements.
Critical Impact
Authenticated attackers can achieve full system control through code injection in remote-enabled function modules, resulting in complete compromise of system confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Affected Products
- SAP Solution Manager (versions affected per SAP Note #3668705)
Discovery Timeline
- November 11, 2025 - CVE-2025-42887 published to NVD
- November 12, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-42887
Vulnerability Analysis
This vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation within SAP Solution Manager's remote-enabled function module interface. Remote Function Calls (RFCs) in SAP environments provide a mechanism for external systems and users to invoke specific functions. When input sanitization is absent or insufficient, attackers can craft malicious payloads that are processed as executable code rather than data.
The scope change indicated in this vulnerability means that a successful exploit can affect resources beyond the vulnerable component's security scope. In the context of SAP Solution Manager, this could enable an attacker to pivot from the initial point of compromise to other connected SAP systems within the landscape.
Root Cause
The root cause is missing input sanitization in the remote-enabled function module. User-supplied input is passed directly to code execution contexts without proper validation, escaping, or neutralization of potentially malicious elements. This allows attackers to inject arbitrary code that executes with the privileges of the SAP system.
Attack Vector
The attack is network-accessible and requires only low-privilege authentication to SAP Solution Manager. An attacker would:
- Authenticate to the SAP Solution Manager system with valid credentials (even low-privilege accounts are sufficient)
- Invoke the vulnerable remote-enabled function module
- Supply specially crafted input containing malicious code
- The system processes the input without sanitization, executing the injected code
- The attacker gains full control over the system
Due to the network attack vector and low complexity, this vulnerability can be exploited remotely without user interaction once the attacker has authenticated access.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-42887
Indicators of Compromise
- Unusual RFC calls to SAP Solution Manager function modules from unexpected sources or users
- Anomalous user session behavior indicating privilege escalation or lateral movement
- Unexpected system configuration changes or new user account creation
- Suspicious process execution or file system modifications on SAP application servers
- Audit log entries showing abnormal function module invocations with atypical parameters
Detection Strategies
- Enable and monitor SAP Security Audit Log (SM21) for suspicious RFC activity and function module calls
- Implement network monitoring to detect unusual traffic patterns to SAP Solution Manager RFC ports
- Deploy SIEM rules to correlate authentication events with subsequent high-privilege operations
- Use SAP Enterprise Threat Detection (ETD) to identify exploitation attempts in real-time
Monitoring Recommendations
- Configure alerting for failed and successful authentication attempts followed by RFC calls to sensitive function modules
- Monitor system tables for unauthorized changes to user authorizations or system parameters
- Implement baseline monitoring for normal RFC traffic patterns to identify anomalies
- Review transaction logs (SM50/SM66) for unusual work process activity
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-42887
Immediate Actions Required
- Apply the security patch referenced in SAP Note #3668705 immediately
- Review and restrict RFC authorization objects (S_RFC) to limit access to remote-enabled function modules
- Audit user accounts with RFC access and remove unnecessary privileges
- Implement network segmentation to restrict access to SAP Solution Manager from untrusted networks
- Enable enhanced logging and monitoring for SAP Solution Manager systems
Patch Information
SAP has released a security patch addressing this vulnerability as part of their Security Patch Day. Organizations should obtain the official fix from SAP Note #3668705. The patch implements proper input sanitization for the affected remote-enabled function module. Customers should follow SAP's standard patching procedures and test the update in a non-production environment before deployment.
For detailed patching guidance, refer to the SAP Security Patch Day portal.
Workarounds
- Restrict network access to SAP Solution Manager RFC interfaces using firewall rules or SAP's ICM access control lists
- Implement strict authorization controls using transaction SU24 to limit which users can invoke remote-enabled function modules
- Consider temporarily disabling the vulnerable function module if business operations permit, pending patch application
- Enable SAP Web Dispatcher or reverse proxy with web application firewall capabilities to filter malicious requests
- Implement additional authentication requirements (MFA) for users with RFC access privileges
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
