CVE-2025-30752 Overview
CVE-2025-30752 is a resource exhaustion vulnerability affecting the compiler component of Oracle Java SE and Oracle GraalVM for JDK. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access to cause a partial denial of service condition in affected Java deployments. The vulnerability specifically impacts environments running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets that load and execute untrusted code from external sources.
Critical Impact
Unauthenticated remote attackers can trigger partial denial of service conditions in Java applications that rely on sandbox security for untrusted code execution.
Affected Products
- Oracle JDK 24.0.1
- Oracle JRE 24.0.1
- Oracle GraalVM for JDK 24.0.1
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-07-15 - CVE-2025-30752 published to NVD
- 2025-08-04 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-30752
Vulnerability Analysis
This vulnerability resides in the JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler component of both Oracle Java SE and Oracle GraalVM for JDK. The weakness is classified under CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption), indicating that the compiler can be induced to consume excessive resources when processing certain inputs.
The vulnerability specifically targets Java deployments that execute untrusted code within a sandboxed environment. Client-side applications running Java Web Start or Java applets that load code from the internet are the primary attack surface. Server-side Java deployments that only execute trusted, administrator-installed code are not affected by this vulnerability.
Root Cause
The root cause stems from improper resource management within the compiler component when handling certain code patterns. The JIT compiler can be manipulated to perform resource-intensive operations, leading to degraded performance or partial unavailability of the Java runtime environment. This represents an uncontrolled resource consumption weakness where input processing does not adequately limit the computational resources allocated during compilation.
Attack Vector
The attack is network-accessible and does not require authentication or user interaction, though it is considered difficult to exploit. An attacker must craft malicious code that, when loaded and compiled by the Java runtime in a sandboxed environment, triggers the resource exhaustion condition. The attack results in availability impact only, with no effect on confidentiality or integrity.
The exploitation path involves:
- Attacker creates specially crafted Java code designed to trigger resource exhaustion in the compiler
- Target application loads the malicious code (e.g., via a Java applet or Web Start application)
- The JIT compiler processes the malicious code, consuming excessive resources
- Partial denial of service condition affects the Java runtime
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-30752
Indicators of Compromise
- Unusual CPU utilization spikes associated with Java processes during code compilation
- Increased memory consumption by JVM processes without corresponding workload increase
- Java application performance degradation or intermittent unavailability
- Compiler-related errors or timeouts in Java application logs
Detection Strategies
- Monitor Java process resource consumption for anomalous patterns indicative of compiler-level attacks
- Implement JVM monitoring to track compilation activity and resource allocation
- Deploy network-level monitoring to identify suspicious Java applet or Web Start application downloads
- Review application logs for unusual compilation failures or resource exhaustion errors
Monitoring Recommendations
- Enable verbose JIT compiler logging to track compilation activities and identify potential exploitation attempts
- Configure resource limits for JVM processes to contain potential denial of service impacts
- Implement alerting on Java process resource thresholds to detect early signs of exploitation
- Monitor network traffic for downloads of potentially malicious Java content
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-30752
Immediate Actions Required
- Identify all systems running Oracle JDK 24.0.1, Oracle JRE 24.0.1, or Oracle GraalVM for JDK 24.0.1
- Prioritize patching for systems that execute untrusted Java code in sandboxed environments
- Review and restrict the execution of Java applets and Web Start applications from untrusted sources
- Apply the security update from Oracle's July 2025 Critical Patch Update
Patch Information
Oracle has addressed this vulnerability in the July 2025 Critical Patch Update. Administrators should apply the latest security patches available from Oracle to remediate this vulnerability. Detailed patch information and update instructions are available in the Oracle Security Alert July 2025.
Workarounds
- Disable execution of Java applets and Java Web Start applications in client environments where not required
- Configure browser security settings to block or prompt for Java content from untrusted sources
- Implement application whitelisting to restrict Java code execution to trusted applications only
- Consider migrating away from client-side Java technologies such as applets and Web Start where possible
# Disable Java plugin in browsers by setting deployment properties
# Location: $JAVA_HOME/lib/deployment.properties or user-specific deployment.properties
# Add these lines to disable Java applet execution
deployment.webjava.enabled=false
deployment.javaws.enabled=false
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
