CVE-2025-27428 Overview
CVE-2025-27428 is a directory traversal vulnerability affecting SAP Solution Manager that allows an authorized attacker to gain unauthorized access to critical information through an RFC enabled function module. By exploiting this flaw, attackers can read files from any managed system connected to SAP Solution Manager, resulting in a significant confidentiality breach. While integrity and availability remain unaffected, the ability to access sensitive files across connected managed systems poses a severe risk to enterprise environments relying on SAP infrastructure.
Critical Impact
Authorized attackers can exploit directory traversal to read arbitrary files from any managed system connected to SAP Solution Manager, potentially exposing credentials, configuration data, and business-critical information.
Affected Products
- SAP Solution Manager (versions as specified in SAP Note 3581811)
- Managed systems connected to SAP Solution Manager via RFC
Discovery Timeline
- April 8, 2025 - CVE-2025-27428 published to NVD
- April 8, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-27428
Vulnerability Analysis
This vulnerability stems from improper access control (CWE-862) in an RFC-enabled function module within SAP Solution Manager. The flaw allows authenticated users to bypass intended directory restrictions and traverse the file system to access files outside the authorized scope. The network-based attack vector with low complexity means that any authenticated user with network access to the SAP Solution Manager can potentially exploit this vulnerability without requiring elevated privileges.
The changed scope element indicates that the vulnerability impacts resources beyond its security scope—specifically, the managed systems connected to SAP Solution Manager. This cross-system impact significantly amplifies the potential damage, as a single exploitation can compromise data across multiple connected SAP environments.
Root Cause
The root cause is missing authorization checks (CWE-862) in the RFC-enabled function module. The vulnerable component fails to properly validate and sanitize file path inputs, allowing attackers to use directory traversal sequences (such as ../) to escape the intended directory structure. When combined with insufficient access control validation, this enables authenticated users to read files they should not have access to across all connected managed systems.
Attack Vector
The attack is conducted over the network by an authenticated user who can invoke the vulnerable RFC-enabled function module. The attacker constructs malicious requests containing directory traversal sequences to navigate outside the expected file paths. Since SAP Solution Manager serves as a central management hub connected to multiple systems, successful exploitation grants the attacker file read access across the entire managed infrastructure.
The attack requires:
- Valid authentication credentials to SAP Solution Manager
- Network access to the RFC-enabled function module
- Knowledge of target file paths on managed systems
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-27428
Indicators of Compromise
- Unusual RFC function module calls containing path traversal patterns such as ../ or encoded variants
- Unexpected file access requests targeting sensitive directories like /etc/, configuration directories, or credential stores
- Anomalous user activity involving repeated access to RFC-enabled function modules from unusual source systems
- Log entries showing file read operations outside normal application directories
Detection Strategies
- Monitor SAP Solution Manager RFC logs for suspicious path patterns and directory traversal sequences in function module parameters
- Implement SIEM rules to correlate RFC call activities with file system access events across managed systems
- Deploy SentinelOne Singularity to detect and alert on anomalous file access patterns indicative of directory traversal exploitation
- Review SAP Security Audit Logs for unauthorized access attempts to sensitive files
Monitoring Recommendations
- Enable comprehensive logging for all RFC-enabled function module calls in SAP Solution Manager
- Configure alerts for any file access attempts containing relative path components or targeting system configuration files
- Establish baseline behavior for RFC function usage to identify anomalous patterns
- Monitor network traffic between SAP Solution Manager and managed systems for suspicious data transfers
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-27428
Immediate Actions Required
- Apply the security patch detailed in SAP Note 3581811 immediately
- Review RFC connection configurations and restrict access to sensitive function modules
- Audit user permissions and remove unnecessary RFC access privileges
- Monitor for exploitation attempts while patching is in progress
Patch Information
SAP has released a security patch addressing this vulnerability as part of the SAP Security Patch Day. Organizations should consult SAP Note 3581811 for detailed patching instructions and affected version information. The patch implements proper input validation and authorization checks within the vulnerable RFC-enabled function module to prevent directory traversal attacks.
Workarounds
- Restrict network access to the vulnerable RFC-enabled function module using SAP authorization objects and firewall rules
- Implement additional file system access controls on managed systems to limit readable paths
- Apply principle of least privilege to reduce the number of users with RFC access capabilities
- Consider temporarily disabling the vulnerable function module if it is not business-critical until the patch can be applied
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
