CVE-2025-12931: Janobe Food Ordering System SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-12931 Overview

A SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in SourceCodester Food Ordering System version 1.0. This vulnerability exists in the /routers/edit-orders.php file, where the ID parameter is not properly sanitized before being used in SQL queries. An authenticated attacker can exploit this flaw remotely to manipulate database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers with low-level privileges can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to extract sensitive data, modify order information, or potentially escalate their access within the Food Ordering System database.

Affected Products

• Janobe Food Ordering System 1.0
• SourceCodester Food Ordering System 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• November 10, 2025 - CVE-2025-12931 published to NVD
• November 18, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-12931

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability affects the order editing functionality within the Food Ordering System. The vulnerable endpoint /routers/edit-orders.php accepts an ID parameter that is directly incorporated into SQL queries without proper input validation or parameterization. This classic injection vector allows attackers to break out of the intended query structure and execute arbitrary SQL commands against the backend database.

The vulnerability requires only low-level authentication to exploit, making it accessible to any registered user of the system. Once exploited, attackers can potentially read sensitive customer data including personal information and order histories, modify existing order records, or enumerate the database schema for further attacks.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is insufficient input validation and the use of dynamic SQL queries in the edit-orders.php file. The ID parameter is concatenated directly into SQL statements without sanitization, prepared statements, or parameterized queries. This allows special SQL characters and commands to be interpreted by the database engine rather than being treated as literal data.

The vulnerability falls under CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command) and CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component).

Attack Vector

The attack is conducted remotely over the network against the web application interface. An authenticated attacker with minimal privileges can craft malicious HTTP requests targeting the /routers/edit-orders.php endpoint. By injecting SQL syntax into the ID parameter, the attacker can manipulate the underlying database query to extract data, bypass authentication checks, or modify records.

The exploit for this vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation in the wild. Attackers can leverage standard SQL injection techniques such as UNION-based injection, error-based injection, or blind injection depending on the application's error handling behavior.

For technical details on the vulnerability, see the GitHub CVE Issue Discussion and VulDB entry #331651.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-12931

Indicators of Compromise

• HTTP requests to /routers/edit-orders.php containing SQL metacharacters in the ID parameter (quotes, semicolons, UNION keywords, comment sequences)
• Unusual database query patterns or errors in application logs
• Unexpected data modifications in order records
• Database queries with abnormal execution times indicative of time-based blind SQL injection
• Web server logs showing repeated requests to the vulnerable endpoint with varying payloads

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in the ID parameter
• Enable detailed logging on the application and database servers to capture suspicious query patterns
• Implement database activity monitoring to alert on unusual SELECT, UPDATE, or DELETE operations
• Configure intrusion detection systems (IDS) to flag requests containing common SQL injection payloads

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor HTTP access logs for anomalous traffic patterns targeting /routers/edit-orders.php
• Set up alerts for database errors that may indicate failed injection attempts
• Review database audit logs regularly for unauthorized data access or modification
• Track user session activity for signs of privilege escalation or lateral movement following exploitation

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-12931

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the Food Ordering System to trusted IP ranges where possible
• Implement additional authentication controls or disable the vulnerable endpoint if not critical to operations
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall with SQL injection protection rules
• Review and sanitize all user inputs in the application, particularly the ID parameter in edit-orders.php
• Audit database permissions to ensure application accounts have minimal required privileges

Patch Information

At the time of this writing, no official patch has been released by the vendor. Organizations using SourceCodester Food Ordering System 1.0 should monitor the SourceCodester website for security updates. Additional vulnerability details are available through VulDB.

Workarounds

• Modify the edit-orders.php file to use parameterized queries or prepared statements for all database operations
• Implement strict input validation on the ID parameter to accept only numeric values
• Add server-side filtering to block SQL metacharacters in user-supplied input
• Consider deploying the application behind a reverse proxy with SQL injection filtering capabilities
• If feasible, temporarily disable the order editing functionality until a proper fix can be implemented

# Example: Apache mod_security rule to block SQL injection attempts
# Add to your Apache configuration or .htaccess file
SecRule ARGS:ID "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1001,\
    phase:2,\
    block,\
    msg:'SQL Injection Attempt Detected in ID Parameter',\
    logdata:'Matched Data: %{MATCHED_VAR}',\
    severity:'CRITICAL'"