CVE-2025-1094 Overview
Improper neutralization of quoting syntax in PostgreSQL libpq functions PQescapeLiteral(), PQescapeIdentifier(), PQescapeString(), and PQescapeStringConn() allows a database input provider to achieve SQL injection in certain usage patterns. Specifically, SQL injection requires the application to use the function result to construct input to psql, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal. Improper neutralization of quoting syntax in PostgreSQL command line utility programs allows a source of command line arguments to achieve SQL injection when client_encoding is BIG5 and server_encoding is one of EUC_TW or MULE_INTERNAL. Versions before PostgreSQL 17.3, 16.7, 15.11, 14.16, and 13.19 are affected.
Critical Impact
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject malicious SQL code, leading to unauthorized access and potential data exfiltration.
Affected Products
- PostgreSQL versions before 17.3
- PostgreSQL versions before 16.7
- PostgreSQL versions before 15.11
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-02-13 - CVE CVE-2025-1094 published to NVD
- 2025-02-21 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-1094
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability arises from improper handling of quoting syntax in key PostgreSQL functions. This mishandling can be exploited in scenarios where user-controlled input ends up in a SQL query executed by psql. If the application doesn’t properly sanitize inputs, attackers can manipulate SQL queries to perform unauthorized actions on the database.
Root Cause
The root cause is the improper neutralization of special characters in database queries, which can be controlled by an attacker due to the quoting flaws in PostgreSQL's utility functions responsible for escaping.
Attack Vector
Network-connected applications using PostgreSQL with potentially tainted input processed by vulnerable escaping functions are susceptible to SQL injection.
-- Example exploitation code (sanitized)
SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = 'admin'; --'; DROP TABLE users; --'
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-1094
Indicators of Compromise
- Unexpected entries in SQL execution logs indicating abnormal querying patterns
- Unauthorized database modifications or metadata changes
- Increased database query execution times
Detection Strategies
Implement strict input validation and use prepared statements with parameterized queries. Regular auditing of database logs for suspicious activities can aid in timely detection.
Monitoring Recommendations
Continuous monitoring of database access and query patterns using SentinelOne's ActiveEDR and Deep Visibility features can help in quickly identifying and responding to atypical database operations.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-1094
Immediate Actions Required
- Upgrade to PostgreSQL 17.3 or later
- Review all SQL query constructions for usage of vulnerable functions
- Implement strict input validation standards
Patch Information
Patches are provided by PostgreSQL for versions 17.3 and newer. Further details can be found in the official PostgreSQL advisory.
Workarounds
Where patching is not feasible, enforce database role restrictions to limit potential damage from SQL injection and sanitize all inputs rigorously.
# Configuration example
psql -c "ALTER ROLE role_name SET client_encoding TO 'UTF8';"
psql -c "ALTER ROLE role_name SET server_encoding TO 'UTF8';"
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
