CVE-2025-10870: DIAL CentrosNet SQL Injection Vulnerability

CVE-2025-10870 Overview

A critical SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in DIAL's CentrosNet v2.64. This flaw allows remote attackers to retrieve, create, update, and delete database contents by sending malicious POST and GET requests containing the ultralogin parameter to the /centrosnet/ultralogin.php endpoint. The vulnerability requires no authentication and can be exploited over the network, making it highly dangerous for exposed installations.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can fully compromise database integrity through SQL injection, enabling data theft, modification, and deletion via the vulnerable ultralogin parameter.

Affected Products

• DIAL CentrosNet v2.64

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-11-07 - CVE CVE-2025-10870 published to NVD
• 2025-11-12 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-10870

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-89) affects the authentication functionality in DIAL's CentrosNet v2.64. The vulnerable endpoint /centrosnet/ultralogin.php fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the ultralogin parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries. This lack of input validation allows attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands that are executed with the database privileges of the application.

The vulnerability is particularly severe because it exists in a login-related endpoint, which is typically exposed and accessible without prior authentication. Successful exploitation grants attackers full control over the backend database, enabling them to extract sensitive data, modify records, create administrative accounts, or destroy data entirely.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is improper input validation and lack of parameterized queries in the ultralogin.php script. The ultralogin parameter is directly concatenated into SQL statements without proper sanitization, escaping, or the use of prepared statements. This allows attacker-controlled input to break out of the intended query structure and execute arbitrary SQL commands.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-based and requires no authentication or user interaction. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting malicious HTTP requests (both GET and POST methods are vulnerable) to the /centrosnet/ultralogin.php endpoint with a specially crafted ultralogin parameter containing SQL injection payloads.

The vulnerability allows attackers to perform a wide range of malicious database operations including data extraction using UNION-based or blind SQL injection techniques, data modification through UPDATE statements, data deletion via DELETE or DROP commands, and potentially achieving command execution on the underlying system depending on database configuration and privileges.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-10870

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed requests to /centrosnet/ultralogin.php containing SQL syntax characters (single quotes, semicolons, UNION keywords, comment sequences)
• Database error messages in application logs indicating SQL syntax errors from the login endpoint
• Unexpected database queries or operations originating from the web application
• Signs of data exfiltration or unauthorized database access in audit logs

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the ultralogin parameter
• Monitor web server access logs for requests to /centrosnet/ultralogin.php with suspicious query strings or POST data
• Enable database query logging and alert on anomalous queries from the CentrosNet application
• Implement intrusion detection signatures for common SQL injection payloads in HTTP traffic

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable verbose logging for the CentrosNet application and associated database
• Set up real-time alerting for database errors or unusual query patterns
• Monitor for unauthorized data access or privilege escalation within the database
• Review authentication logs for signs of bypassed login mechanisms

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-10870

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the CentrosNet application to trusted IP addresses only
• Implement WAF rules to block SQL injection attempts targeting the vulnerable endpoint
• If possible, disable or remove the /centrosnet/ultralogin.php endpoint until a patch is available
• Review database logs for signs of prior exploitation and assess potential data compromise

Patch Information

Organizations should monitor DIAL for official security updates addressing this SQL injection vulnerability in CentrosNet. For additional details and updates, refer to the INCIBE SQL Injection Notice.

Workarounds

• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection detection rules in front of the CentrosNet application
• Implement network segmentation to limit database access from compromised web servers
• Use database accounts with minimal required privileges for the CentrosNet application
• Consider implementing application-layer input validation via a reverse proxy if source code modification is not possible

# Example WAF rule to block SQL injection in ultralogin parameter (ModSecurity format)
SecRule ARGS:ultralogin "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:100001,\
    phase:2,\
    block,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in ultralogin parameter - CVE-2025-10870',\
    log,\
    severity:'CRITICAL'"