CVE-2025-0558 Overview
A critical SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in TDuckCloud tduck-platform versions up to 4.0. This vulnerability exists in the QueryProThemeRequest function located in src/main/java/com/tduck/cloud/form/request/QueryProThemeRequest.java. Attackers can exploit this flaw by manipulating the color argument to inject malicious SQL code, potentially compromising the underlying database.
The vulnerability can be exploited remotely, and proof-of-concept exploit information has been publicly disclosed. The vendor was contacted about this security issue but did not respond, leaving users potentially exposed to attacks.
Critical Impact
Remote attackers with low-level privileges can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to extract, modify, or delete data from the application's database, potentially leading to complete system compromise.
Affected Products
- TDuckCloud tduck-platform versions up to 4.0
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-01-18 - CVE-2025-0558 published to NVD
- 2025-09-19 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-0558
Vulnerability Analysis
This SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-89) stems from improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands within the tduck-platform application. The vulnerable code resides in the QueryProThemeRequest.java file, specifically in the QueryProThemeRequest function that handles theme queries.
The vulnerability allows authenticated remote attackers to manipulate the color parameter to inject arbitrary SQL statements. The application fails to properly sanitize or parameterize user-supplied input before incorporating it into SQL queries, enabling attackers to alter the intended query logic.
Successful exploitation could allow attackers to bypass authentication mechanisms, extract sensitive information from the database, modify or delete data, or potentially execute administrative operations on the database server depending on database permissions.
Root Cause
The root cause is improper input validation and failure to use parameterized queries (CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component). The color argument in QueryProThemeRequest is directly concatenated into SQL statements without proper sanitization or the use of prepared statements, allowing malicious SQL code to be executed.
Attack Vector
The attack is network-based, requiring the attacker to have low-level authenticated access to the application. The attacker crafts a malicious request containing SQL injection payloads in the color parameter, which is then processed by the QueryProThemeRequest function.
The exploitation flow involves:
- An authenticated attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to the tduck-platform application
- The color parameter contains SQL injection payloads
- The vulnerable QueryProThemeRequest function processes the input without sanitization
- The malicious SQL is executed against the backend database
- The attacker receives the results of their injected query or achieves their intended impact
Technical details and proof-of-concept information are available in the GitHub TDuckCloud Documentation and VulDB entry #292492.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-0558
Indicators of Compromise
- Unusual SQL error messages in application logs related to theme queries
- Anomalous database queries originating from the QueryProThemeRequest function
- Unexpected database access patterns or data exfiltration attempts
- Authentication bypass events or unauthorized administrative actions
Detection Strategies
- Monitor HTTP request logs for SQL injection patterns in the color parameter
- Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts
- Implement database activity monitoring to identify suspicious query patterns
- Review application logs for error messages indicating malformed SQL queries
Monitoring Recommendations
- Enable verbose logging for the tduck-platform application to capture all request parameters
- Set up alerts for database queries containing common SQL injection keywords (UNION, SELECT, INSERT, DROP, etc.)
- Monitor for unusual response times that may indicate time-based blind SQL injection attempts
- Track failed authentication attempts that may indicate SQL injection bypass attempts
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-0558
Immediate Actions Required
- Assess your environment for TDuckCloud tduck-platform installations up to version 4.0
- Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to filter SQL injection patterns in the color parameter
- Restrict network access to the affected application where possible
- Consider temporarily disabling the affected theme query functionality if business impact permits
- Monitor database activity for signs of exploitation
Patch Information
As of the last update, the vendor (TDuckCloud) has not responded to disclosure attempts and no official patch has been released. Users should monitor the TDuckCloud tduck-platform repository for any security updates.
In the absence of an official patch, organizations should consider:
- Implementing input validation at the application layer
- Using parameterized queries if modifying the source code is possible
- Deploying compensating controls such as WAF rules
Workarounds
- Deploy a Web Application Firewall with SQL injection detection rules targeting the affected endpoint
- Implement input validation to restrict the color parameter to expected alphanumeric or hex color values only
- Isolate the database server and restrict its network access to only necessary application servers
- Apply principle of least privilege to the database user account used by the application
# Example WAF rule (ModSecurity) to block SQL injection in color parameter
SecRule ARGS:color "@detectSQLi" \
"id:10001,\
phase:2,\
deny,\
status:403,\
log,\
msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in color parameter - CVE-2025-0558'"
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
