CVE-2025-11110: Campcodes LMS SQL Injection Vulnerability

CVE-2025-11110 Overview

A SQL Injection vulnerability has been discovered in Campcodes Online Learning Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /admin/school_year.php file, where improper handling of the school_year parameter allows attackers to inject malicious SQL queries. This flaw can be exploited remotely without authentication, potentially enabling unauthorized access to sensitive database information, data manipulation, or further compromise of the affected system.

Critical Impact
Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to access, modify, or delete sensitive database contents in educational institutions running Campcodes Online Learning Management System 1.0.

Affected Products

Campcodes Online Learning Management System 1.0

Discovery Timeline

2025-09-28 - CVE-2025-11110 published to NVD
2025-10-02 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-11110

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component) affects the administrative functionality of Campcodes Online Learning Management System. The vulnerable endpoint /admin/school_year.php fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the school_year parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries executed against the backend database.

The vulnerability is network-accessible, requiring no authentication or user interaction for exploitation. An attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests containing SQL injection payloads in the school_year parameter to manipulate database queries. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized data access, data modification, or data exfiltration from the learning management system's database.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is insufficient input validation and lack of parameterized queries in the /admin/school_year.php file. The application directly concatenates user-supplied input from the school_year parameter into SQL statements without proper sanitization or the use of prepared statements. This allows attackers to break out of the intended query structure and inject arbitrary SQL commands.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, allowing remote exploitation without requiring any special privileges or user interaction. An attacker can send specially crafted HTTP requests to the vulnerable /admin/school_year.php endpoint with malicious SQL syntax embedded in the school_year parameter. The injected SQL code is then executed by the database server in the context of the application's database connection.

Common exploitation techniques for this type of vulnerability include:

Union-based SQL Injection: Extracting data from other database tables by appending UNION SELECT statements
Boolean-based Blind SQL Injection: Inferring database contents through conditional responses
Time-based Blind SQL Injection: Using database time delay functions to extract information character by character
Error-based SQL Injection: Leveraging database error messages to reveal database structure and content

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-11110

Indicators of Compromise

Unusual or malformed HTTP requests targeting /admin/school_year.php with SQL syntax in parameters
Database error messages in application logs indicating SQL syntax errors
Unexpected database queries or data access patterns in database audit logs
Evidence of data exfiltration or unauthorized database modifications

Detection Strategies

Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in requests to /admin/school_year.php
Monitor HTTP access logs for requests containing SQL keywords (SELECT, UNION, INSERT, DELETE, DROP) in the school_year parameter
Implement database activity monitoring to detect anomalous query patterns or unauthorized data access
Enable verbose logging on the application server to capture suspicious request parameters

Monitoring Recommendations

Configure real-time alerting for SQL injection attack signatures targeting the Campcodes LMS application
Monitor database server logs for failed or unusual authentication attempts
Track application performance metrics that may indicate ongoing exploitation attempts (e.g., unusual query execution times)

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-11110

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network access to the /admin/school_year.php endpoint to trusted IP addresses only
Implement a web application firewall (WAF) with SQL injection protection rules
Consider temporarily disabling the vulnerable functionality until a patch is available
Review database permissions to ensure the application uses least-privilege database accounts

Patch Information

No official vendor patch information is currently available from Campcodes. Organizations should monitor the CampCodes official website for security updates. Additional technical details can be found in the GitHub Issue Report and VulDB entry #326191.

Workarounds

Implement input validation on the school_year parameter to accept only expected formats (e.g., numeric year values)
Use prepared statements with parameterized queries if modifying the source code is possible
Deploy an application-layer firewall to filter malicious requests before they reach the vulnerable endpoint
Restrict access to administrative interfaces through network segmentation or VPN requirements

bash

# Example: Apache mod_rewrite rule to restrict access to admin directory
# Add to .htaccess or Apache configuration
<Directory "/var/www/html/admin">
    Order deny,allow
    Deny from all
    Allow from 192.168.1.0/24
    Allow from 10.0.0.0/8
</Directory>