CVE-2025-7905 Overview
CVE-2025-7905 is a SQL injection vulnerability in itsourcecode Insurance Management System 1.0. The flaw resides in the /insertPayment.php endpoint, where the recipt_no parameter is incorporated into a database query without proper sanitization. Attackers can manipulate this parameter to inject arbitrary SQL statements against the backend database.
The vulnerability is exploitable remotely over the network and requires only low-level authentication privileges. Public disclosure of the exploit details means proof-of-concept information is accessible to attackers. The issue is classified under CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component.
Critical Impact
Remote attackers with low privileges can inject SQL statements through the recipt_no parameter, potentially exposing or altering payment and policyholder records.
Affected Products
- itsourcecode Insurance Management System 1.0
- Vendor identifier: angeljudesuarez:insurance_management_system
- CPE: cpe:2.3:a:angeljudesuarez:insurance_management_system:1.0
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-07-20 - CVE-2025-7905 published to NVD
- 2026-06-17 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-7905
Vulnerability Analysis
The vulnerability is a classic SQL injection in the payment insertion workflow of the Insurance Management System. The /insertPayment.php script accepts a recipt_no parameter from client input and concatenates it directly into an SQL query. Without parameterized queries or input validation, the database interprets attacker-supplied content as SQL syntax.
An authenticated user submitting a crafted recipt_no value can break out of the intended query context. From there, the attacker can read arbitrary tables, modify payment records, or enumerate the database schema using UNION-based and boolean-based techniques. The attack requires no user interaction and can be automated against exposed instances.
Root Cause
The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements in SQL statements [CWE-74]. The insertPayment.php handler treats the recipt_no argument as trusted input and passes it directly to the database layer. The application lacks prepared statements, type casting, and allowlist validation for receipt identifiers.
Attack Vector
Exploitation occurs over the network against the web-facing PHP application. The attacker authenticates with low-privilege credentials, then submits an HTTP request to /insertPayment.php with a malicious recipt_no value. Typical payloads use SQL meta-characters such as single quotes, comment markers, and UNION SELECT clauses to extract data from adjacent tables, including credentials and personally identifiable insurance records.
No verified exploit code is available in CISA KEV or ExploitDB. Public discussion of the issue appears in the GitHub CVE issue tracker and VulDB entry #317020.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-7905
Indicators of Compromise
- HTTP POST or GET requests to /insertPayment.php containing SQL meta-characters such as ', --, UNION, or SLEEP( in the recipt_no parameter.
- Unexpected database errors logged by the PHP application referencing the recipt_no field or payment tables.
- Anomalous outbound traffic from the web server following requests to the payment endpoint.
Detection Strategies
- Deploy web application firewall (WAF) signatures that detect SQL injection patterns targeting the recipt_no parameter on /insertPayment.php.
- Enable database query logging and alert on syntactically anomalous queries originating from the Insurance Management System service account.
- Review web server access logs for repeated requests to /insertPayment.php with encoded SQL payloads.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Correlate authentication events with subsequent payment endpoint access to identify low-privilege accounts probing the application.
- Monitor for sudden increases in row reads or schema queries against insurance and payment tables.
- Track HTTP 500 responses from /insertPayment.php as potential signs of injection probing.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-7905
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict network exposure of the Insurance Management System to trusted networks or VPN access until a patch is available.
- Disable or tightly control the /insertPayment.php endpoint where feasible.
- Audit existing user accounts and revoke credentials that are no longer required.
Patch Information
No official vendor patch is currently referenced in the NVD record for CVE-2025-7905. Organizations running itsourcecode Insurance Management System 1.0 should monitor the itsourcecode resource page and the VulDB advisory for updates. Where no vendor patch exists, apply source-level fixes to replace string concatenation with parameterized queries (e.g., PDO prepared statements in PHP).
Workarounds
- Place the application behind a WAF with rules blocking SQL injection patterns on the recipt_no parameter.
- Implement input validation enforcing numeric-only values for receipt numbers at a reverse proxy.
- Apply database-level least privilege so the application account cannot read sensitive tables or execute administrative statements.
- Replace vulnerable query construction with prepared statements using PDO or mysqli bound parameters.
# Example WAF rule (ModSecurity) to block SQL meta-characters in recipt_no
SecRule ARGS:recipt_no "@rx (?i)(union|select|--|;|'|\"|sleep\(|benchmark\()" \
"id:1007905,phase:2,deny,status:403,msg:'CVE-2025-7905 SQLi attempt on recipt_no'"
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
