CVE-2025-7904: Insurance Management System SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-7904 Overview

CVE-2025-7904 is a SQL injection vulnerability in itsourcecode Insurance Management System version 1.0. The flaw exists in the /insertNominee.php script, where the nominee_id parameter is passed directly into a database query without proper sanitization. Remote attackers can manipulate this parameter to inject arbitrary SQL statements. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the likelihood of opportunistic abuse against exposed deployments. The vulnerability is tracked under [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component).

Critical Impact
Authenticated remote attackers can inject SQL commands through the nominee_id parameter in /insertNominee.php, potentially exposing or modifying records stored in the Insurance Management System database.

Affected Products

itsourcecode Insurance Management System 1.0
Deployments referencing the angeljudesuarez:insurance_management_system codebase
Installations exposing /insertNominee.php to untrusted networks

Discovery Timeline

2025-07-20 - CVE-2025-7904 published to NVD
2026-04-29 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-7904

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability resides in the /insertNominee.php endpoint of the Insurance Management System. The application accepts the nominee_id argument from a client-supplied request and concatenates it into a SQL statement without parameterization. An attacker who can reach the endpoint can break out of the intended query context and append arbitrary SQL clauses. Successful injection can disclose database contents, modify nominee records, or chain into further data tampering. Public disclosure of the exploit path lowers the barrier for unsophisticated attackers to weaponize the issue against internet-facing instances.

Root Cause

The root cause is missing input neutralization on the nominee_id request parameter. The PHP code path constructs the SQL statement by string concatenation instead of using prepared statements or parameterized queries. There is no server-side type enforcement that constrains nominee_id to a numeric value before it reaches the database driver. This pattern matches [CWE-74], where untrusted data flows into a downstream interpreter without escaping.

Attack Vector

Exploitation occurs over the network against the application's HTTP interface. An attacker submits a crafted request to /insertNominee.php containing SQL metacharacters in the nominee_id field. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates low privileges are required, meaning the attacker must hold a valid application session before issuing the malicious request. No user interaction is needed. Because the exploit details are public, automated scanners and opportunistic actors can reproduce the attack with minimal effort.

The vulnerability manifests through unsanitized concatenation of the nominee_id parameter into the underlying SQL query. See the GitHub Issue CVE Discussion and VulDB #317019 for technical details.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-7904

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP requests to /insertNominee.php containing SQL metacharacters such as single quotes, UNION, SELECT, --, or ; inside the nominee_id parameter.
Database error messages referencing syntax errors near values supplied to nominee_id.
Unexpected outbound database queries originating from the Insurance Management System service account.
Anomalous read or write volume on nominee-related database tables.

Detection Strategies

Inspect web server access logs for non-numeric values in the nominee_id query string or POST body.
Deploy web application firewall (WAF) signatures that flag SQL injection patterns targeting /insertNominee.php.
Correlate application errors and database exceptions with the originating HTTP request to identify probing activity.

Monitoring Recommendations

Enable verbose query logging on the backing database and alert on queries containing tautologies such as OR 1=1.
Monitor for repeated 500-class responses from /insertNominee.php, which often indicate injection probing.
Track authenticated session activity to detect low-privileged accounts issuing high volumes of nominee-related requests.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-7904

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict access to /insertNominee.php to trusted networks until a code fix is applied.
Audit application accounts and revoke unused or shared credentials that could be abused to reach the vulnerable endpoint.
Review database logs for prior evidence of injection attempts against the nominee_id parameter.
Apply WAF rules that block SQL metacharacters in the nominee_id field.

Patch Information

No vendor advisory or official patch has been published for the itsourcecode Insurance Management System 1.0 at the time of NVD publication. Operators should track the ITSourceCode Resource Hub for vendor updates and consult the VulDB CTI Analysis #317019 for ongoing tracking. Until an upstream fix is available, code owners running this application should patch the vulnerable query manually by adopting parameterized statements.

Workarounds

Replace string concatenation in /insertNominee.php with prepared statements using PDO or mysqli parameter binding.
Enforce strict server-side type checking so that nominee_id is cast to an integer before being used in any SQL statement.
Apply least-privilege database permissions so the application account cannot read or modify tables beyond its required scope.
Place the application behind a reverse proxy with SQL injection signatures enabled if immediate code changes are not feasible.

bash

# Example PHP fix using PDO prepared statements
$stmt = $pdo->prepare('INSERT INTO nominee (id, ...) VALUES (:nominee_id, ...)');
$stmt->bindValue(':nominee_id', (int) $_POST['nominee_id'], PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->execute();