CVE-2025-57201 Overview
CVE-2025-57201 is an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the AVTECH SECURITY Corporation DGM1104 device running firmware FullImg-1015-1004-1006-1003. The flaw resides in the SMB server function and allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary operating system commands through crafted input. The vulnerability is tracked under CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command. Exploitation requires network access to the affected device and low-privileged credentials. Successful exploitation results in command execution in the context of the SMB service process.
Critical Impact
An authenticated network attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the DGM1104 device, leading to full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Affected Products
- AVTECH SECURITY Corporation DGM1104 (hardware)
- AVTECH DGM1104 firmware FullImg-1015-1004-1006-1003
- Deployments exposing the SMB server function to network access
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-12-03 - CVE-2025-57201 published to the National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
- 2026-06-01 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-57201
Vulnerability Analysis
The DGM1104 device exposes an SMB server function that accepts input from authenticated users and passes it to an operating system command interpreter without sufficient neutralization of shell metacharacters. An attacker with valid credentials can inject command separators or substitution syntax into a vulnerable parameter, causing the underlying shell to execute attacker-supplied commands alongside the intended SMB operation.
Because the SMB service typically runs with elevated privileges on embedded devices, the injected commands inherit those privileges. This produces a high-impact outcome across confidentiality, integrity, and availability dimensions, and attackers can use the foothold to pivot to other network assets, modify device firmware behavior, or disrupt service. Research notes for this issue are published in the GitHub CVE-2025-57201 Research repository.
Root Cause
The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command [CWE-77]. Input received by the SMB server function is concatenated into a command string that is passed to a shell interpreter without escaping or argument-array execution. The lack of input validation allows characters such as ;, |, &, and backticks to break out of the intended argument context.
Attack Vector
The attack vector is network-based and requires low-privileged authenticated access to the SMB server. An attacker submits a crafted SMB request that includes shell metacharacters in a parameter handled by the vulnerable function. The injected payload is then executed by the underlying shell on the device. No user interaction is required to trigger the flaw once the attacker is authenticated.
No verified proof-of-concept code is published in the NVD references for this advisory. See the GitHub CVE-2025-57201 Research entry for technical analysis.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-57201
Indicators of Compromise
- Unexpected child processes spawned by the SMB server daemon on the DGM1104 device, particularly shell interpreters such as /bin/sh or /bin/busybox.
- SMB requests containing shell metacharacters (;, |, &, $(), backticks) in fields normally limited to alphanumeric values.
- Outbound network connections initiated by the device immediately following an authenticated SMB session.
Detection Strategies
- Inspect SMB protocol traffic for anomalous payloads in parameters tied to the device's SMB server function and alert on shell metacharacters.
- Correlate authenticated SMB sessions on the DGM1104 with subsequent process-creation or command-execution events on the device, where logging is supported.
- Baseline normal SMB usage patterns and flag sessions originating from unexpected source addresses or service accounts.
Monitoring Recommendations
- Forward device authentication logs and SMB access logs to a centralized SIEM for retention and correlation.
- Monitor for newly observed outbound connections from DGM1104 devices, which typically have predictable network behavior.
- Track firmware integrity and configuration drift on affected devices to detect post-exploitation persistence.
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-57201
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict network access to the DGM1104 SMB service so that only trusted management hosts can reach it.
- Rotate all credentials used to authenticate to the device, and remove any unused or default accounts.
- Audit existing devices for signs of prior exploitation, including unexpected processes, modified configuration, and unknown outbound connections.
Patch Information
No vendor advisory or fixed firmware version is listed in the NVD references at the time of publication. Operators should monitor the AVTECH vendor site for updated firmware releases addressing CVE-2025-57201 and apply patches as soon as they are available.
Workarounds
- Disable the SMB server function on the DGM1104 if it is not required for operational use.
- Place affected devices on an isolated management VLAN with strict access control lists permitting only specific administrative hosts.
- Enforce strong, unique credentials for all device accounts and require multi-factor authentication for upstream management systems that interact with the device.
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
