CVE-2025-57199: Avtech DGM1104 Firmware RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-57199 Overview

CVE-2025-57199 is an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the AVTECH SECURITY Corporation DGM1104 device running firmware FullImg-1015-1004-1006-1003. The flaw resides in the NetFailDetectD binary, which fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input before passing it to a system shell. Authenticated attackers can inject arbitrary operating system commands through crafted input and execute them on the device. The weakness is classified under CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command.

Critical Impact
Authenticated attackers can execute arbitrary commands on affected DGM1104 devices, leading to full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the embedded system.

Affected Products

AVTECH SECURITY Corporation DGM1104 (hardware)
AVTECH DGM1104 firmware version FullImg-1015-1004-1006-1003
Deployments exposing the DGM1104 management interface to untrusted networks

Discovery Timeline

2025-12-03 - CVE-2025-57199 published to the National Vulnerability Database
2025-12-23 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-57199

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability exists in the NetFailDetectD binary shipped with DGM1104 firmware. This component handles network failure detection logic and accepts configuration input from authenticated users. The binary passes attacker-controlled values into a command execution routine without neutralizing shell metacharacters such as ;, |, &, and backticks.

Exploitation requires valid credentials on the device but does not require user interaction. Successful exploitation grants the attacker command execution in the context of the NetFailDetectD process, which typically runs with elevated privileges on embedded Linux devices. The attack is network-reachable, making remote compromise possible whenever the management interface is exposed.

The EPSS score for this vulnerability is 2.96% (85th percentile), indicating measurable real-world exploitation interest relative to other CVEs.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command [CWE-77]. The NetFailDetectD binary concatenates user-controlled strings into a shell command line and invokes a system shell. Because no allowlist, escaping, or argument-array execution is used, shell metacharacters embedded in the input are interpreted by the shell rather than treated as literal data.

Attack Vector

An authenticated attacker submits a crafted payload to the management interface that reaches the NetFailDetectD parsing routine. The payload contains shell metacharacters followed by an arbitrary command. When NetFailDetectD builds and executes the shell command, the injected portion runs as a separate command on the device. This enables persistence, lateral movement within the network segment, and modification of device behavior.

No verified public exploit code is currently available. Technical research notes are published at the GitHub CVE-2025-57199 Research repository.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-57199

Indicators of Compromise

Unexpected child processes spawned by the NetFailDetectD binary, such as sh, busybox, wget, curl, or nc.
Outbound network connections from the DGM1104 device to unfamiliar IP addresses or download servers.
Configuration values for network failure detection containing shell metacharacters (;, |, &, `, $()).
New or modified files in writable filesystem locations on the device following administrative interface activity.

Detection Strategies

Inspect HTTP and management protocol traffic to the DGM1104 for parameter values containing shell metacharacters destined for network failure detection endpoints.
Monitor authentication logs for successful logins followed immediately by configuration changes targeting NetFailDetectD settings.
Where device logging is exported, alert on process execution chains originating from NetFailDetectD that invoke a shell interpreter.

Monitoring Recommendations

Forward DGM1104 syslog output to a centralized logging platform and create alerts for command injection patterns in administrative requests.
Baseline normal outbound traffic from the device and alert on deviations, since embedded devices typically have predictable network behavior.
Track administrative session sources and flag logins from networks that should not have access to device management interfaces.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-57199

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict management interface access to trusted administrative networks using firewall or VLAN segmentation.
Rotate credentials on all DGM1104 devices and remove any shared or default accounts.
Audit recent configuration changes to network failure detection settings for signs of injected payloads.
Disable remote administration features that are not strictly required for operations.

Patch Information

No vendor advisory or firmware patch has been published in the NVD references at the time of writing. Consult the AVTECH Official Website for firmware updates and contact the vendor directly to confirm patch availability for firmware FullImg-1015-1004-1006-1003. Apply any released firmware update following the vendor's recommended procedure.

Workarounds

Place affected DGM1104 devices behind a network gateway that blocks inbound access to the management interface from untrusted networks.
Require VPN authentication before any user can reach the device management plane.
Enforce least-privilege accounts on the device and avoid sharing administrative credentials across personnel.
Decommission or isolate devices that cannot be patched and are exposed to higher-risk network zones.

bash

# Example: restrict DGM1104 management access using iptables on an upstream gateway
# Replace 192.0.2.0/24 with your trusted admin subnet and 10.10.20.15 with the device IP
iptables -A FORWARD -s 192.0.2.0/24 -d 10.10.20.15 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -s 192.0.2.0/24 -d 10.10.20.15 -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -d 10.10.20.15 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP
iptables -A FORWARD -d 10.10.20.15 -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP