CVE-2025-41343: Canaldenuncia.app Auth Bypass Vulnerability

CVE-2025-41343 Overview

CVE-2025-41343 is a missing authorization vulnerability affecting CanalDenuncia.app, a whistleblower reporting platform. The flaw resides in the /backend/api/users/searchUserByEmail.php endpoint, which fails to enforce authorization checks on incoming requests. An unauthenticated attacker can send a POST request containing an email parameter to retrieve information belonging to other users of the platform. The issue is classified under CWE-862: Missing Authorization. Because CanalDenuncia.app handles confidential whistleblower data, unauthorized access to user records carries direct confidentiality consequences for individuals using the service to file sensitive reports.

Critical Impact
Unauthenticated attackers can enumerate and retrieve user account information from CanalDenuncia.app over the network without user interaction.

Affected Products

CanalDenuncia.app (all versions prior to vendor remediation)
/backend/api/users/searchUserByEmail.php API endpoint
Deployments exposing the CanalDenuncia backend to untrusted networks

Discovery Timeline

2025-11-04 - CVE CVE-2025-41343 published to NVD
2025-11-05 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-41343

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability stems from the absence of authorization controls on the searchUserByEmail.php API endpoint. The endpoint accepts a POST request containing an email parameter and returns user information matching that email address. No session validation, role check, or ownership verification is performed before the lookup executes. This allows any network-reachable client to query the user database arbitrarily. Given that CanalDenuncia.app is designed for confidential reporting, the disclosure surface includes accounts tied to whistleblowers, compliance officers, and administrators. The vulnerability is exploitable over the network with low complexity and without authentication or user interaction.

Root Cause

The root cause is a missing authorization check [CWE-862]. The application logic treats the email lookup as an unauthenticated public function rather than gating it behind session-based or token-based access control. Input is processed and a database query executed without first confirming the caller is entitled to view user records.

Attack Vector

An attacker reaches the endpoint directly over HTTP(S) and submits a POST request with an attacker-controlled email value. The server responds with information associated with that account. By iterating over known or guessed email addresses, an attacker can systematically harvest user data. Exploitation requires no credentials, no privileges, and no interaction from a victim user.

No verified public proof-of-concept is available. Refer to the INCIBE Security Notice for additional technical context.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-41343

Indicators of Compromise

POST requests to /backend/api/users/searchUserByEmail.php originating from unauthenticated sessions or unexpected source IP addresses.
High-volume or sequential requests to the endpoint containing varying email parameter values, indicating enumeration.
Responses from the endpoint containing user records correlated to requests lacking valid authentication cookies or tokens.

Detection Strategies

Inspect web server and application logs for access patterns against searchUserByEmail.php and correlate with authentication state.
Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule that flags POST requests to the affected endpoint when no valid session identifier is present.
Alert on rate anomalies against /backend/api/users/ endpoints to identify scripted enumeration attempts.

Monitoring Recommendations

Capture full HTTP request and response metadata for the /backend/api/users/ path to support forensic review.
Track unique email values submitted per source IP over rolling time windows.
Forward web access logs to a centralized analytics pipeline and build dashboards for endpoints handling personally identifiable information.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-41343

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network access to the CanalDenuncia.app backend until a fix is applied, using IP allow-listing or a reverse proxy enforcing authentication.
Disable or block the /backend/api/users/searchUserByEmail.php endpoint at the WAF or reverse proxy layer if it is not required for production workflows.
Review historical access logs for unauthorized queries and notify affected users if their data was retrieved.

Patch Information

No vendor patch URL is listed in the published advisory. Operators should consult the INCIBE Security Notice and contact the CanalDenuncia.app vendor directly for remediation guidance and fixed releases.

Workarounds

Enforce authentication and session validation on searchUserByEmail.php via a reverse proxy or middleware layer until the application code is corrected.
Apply rate limiting on the user search endpoint to slow enumeration attempts.
Remove or rename the endpoint if business workflows do not depend on email-based user lookup.

bash

# Example NGINX configuration to block unauthenticated access to the affected endpoint
location = /backend/api/users/searchUserByEmail.php {
    if ($cookie_session = "") {
        return 403;
    }
    limit_req zone=api_limit burst=5 nodelay;
    proxy_pass http://canaldenuncia_backend;
}