CVE-2025-2054: Blood Bank Management System SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-2054 Overview

CVE-2025-2054 is a SQL injection vulnerability in code-projects Blood Bank Management System 1.0. The flaw exists in the /admin/edit_state.php script, where the state_id parameter is passed directly into a database query without proper sanitization. An authenticated remote attacker can manipulate this parameter to inject arbitrary SQL statements. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of opportunistic attacks against deployed instances. The vulnerability is tracked under CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command) and CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output).

Critical Impact
An attacker with administrative access can inject SQL through the state_id parameter to read, modify, or delete data in the underlying blood bank database.

Affected Products

code-projects Blood Bank Management System 1.0
Deployments using the vulnerable /admin/edit_state.php endpoint
Web applications built on the same vulnerable code base

Discovery Timeline

2025-03-07 - CVE-2025-2054 published to NVD
2025-05-21 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2054

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability resides in the administrative state-editing functionality of Blood Bank Management System 1.0. The edit_state.php script accepts a state_id value from the request and concatenates it into an SQL query executed against the application database. Because the parameter is not parameterized or escaped, attacker-controlled input alters the structure of the query. The flaw is reachable over the network and requires authenticated administrative access to invoke the affected endpoint. Successful exploitation enables data exfiltration, tampering with state records, and potential pivoting to other tables in the database schema.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper neutralization of user-supplied input within a SQL statement, classified as [CWE-89]. The state_id argument is interpolated into the query without prepared statements or input validation. This violates secure database access practices and exposes the full query context to the attacker.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based and targets the /admin/edit_state.php endpoint. An attacker who has obtained or compromised administrative credentials submits a crafted state_id value containing SQL metacharacters. The injected payload executes within the application's database session, returning data through error messages, response content, or blind techniques. Public disclosure of the exploit details, referenced in the GitHub exploit documentation and VulDB entry #298807, lowers the barrier to weaponization.

No verified proof-of-concept code is reproduced here. Refer to the linked external references for technical artifacts.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2054

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP requests to /admin/edit_state.php containing SQL metacharacters such as single quotes, UNION, SELECT, or comment sequences in the state_id parameter
Unexpected database errors or stack traces returned from the admin interface
Anomalous administrative session activity originating from unfamiliar IP addresses
Sudden modifications to state, donor, or user tables outside of normal administrative workflows

Detection Strategies

Inspect web server access logs for non-numeric or oversized values supplied to the state_id parameter
Deploy web application firewall rules targeting SQL injection patterns on PHP administrative endpoints
Correlate authentication events with subsequent database query anomalies to identify abuse of valid admin credentials
Enable database query logging and alert on queries containing unusual UNION, SLEEP, or INFORMATION_SCHEMA references

Monitoring Recommendations

Continuously monitor administrative routes under /admin/ for parameter tampering attempts
Baseline normal database query patterns and flag deviations in volume or structure
Track failed and successful admin login attempts to detect credential compromise that precedes exploitation

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2054

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict access to the /admin/ directory to trusted IP ranges using web server access controls
Rotate administrative credentials and enforce strong, unique passwords for all admin accounts
Review database and application logs for prior exploitation attempts against edit_state.php
Deploy a web application firewall with SQL injection signatures in front of the application

Patch Information

No official vendor patch is listed in the available references for code-projects Blood Bank Management System 1.0. Organizations should monitor the Code Projects Resource Hub and the VulDB advisory for updates. In the absence of a vendor fix, apply the workarounds below and consider replacing the affected component.

Workarounds

Modify edit_state.php to use parameterized queries or PDO prepared statements for the state_id value
Cast state_id to an integer before use in any SQL statement to enforce type safety
Implement server-side input validation that rejects non-numeric values for identifier parameters
Remove or disable the affected administrative endpoint if state editing is not required in production

bash

# Example: restrict /admin to internal network in Apache
<Directory "/var/www/html/admin">
    Require ip 10.0.0.0/8
    Require ip 192.168.0.0/16
</Directory>