CVE-2025-2033: Blood Bank Management System SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-2033 Overview

CVE-2025-2033 is a SQL injection vulnerability in code-projects Blood Bank Management System 1.0. The flaw affects an unknown function within the /user_dashboard/view_donor.php script. Attackers can manipulate the donor_id parameter to inject arbitrary SQL statements against the backend database. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network and requires low-level authentication. Public disclosure of the exploit technique increases the likelihood of opportunistic attacks against unpatched deployments. The weakness is classified under [CWE-74] (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component).

Critical Impact
Authenticated remote attackers can inject SQL via the donor_id parameter in view_donor.php, leading to unauthorized read, modification, or deletion of donor records and other database content.

Affected Products

code-projects Blood Bank Management System 1.0
Deployments using the unmodified /user_dashboard/view_donor.php endpoint
Web stacks exposing the application to authenticated users without input filtering

Discovery Timeline

2025-03-06 - CVE-2025-2033 published to the National Vulnerability Database
2025-05-13 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2033

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability resides in the donor view component of the Blood Bank Management System. The /user_dashboard/view_donor.php script accepts a donor_id parameter from the request and concatenates the supplied value into a SQL query without parameterization or sanitization. An authenticated attacker can supply crafted input that breaks out of the intended query context. The injected SQL is then executed by the database engine with the privileges of the application's database account. Successful exploitation enables data exfiltration, tampering with donor records, and disruption of application logic that relies on query integrity.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper neutralization of user-controlled input passed to a SQL interpreter. The donor_id argument is interpolated directly into a query string rather than bound through a prepared statement. Standard defenses such as type coercion, allow-list validation, or parameterized queries are absent in the affected code path.

Attack Vector

Exploitation is performed remotely over HTTP. The attacker authenticates to the user dashboard, then issues a request to view_donor.php with a malicious donor_id value. Typical payloads include UNION-based extraction, boolean-based blind techniques, or time-based blind techniques to enumerate schema and exfiltrate rows. Public proof-of-concept details have been released through VulDB entry 298776 and a GitHub write-up, lowering the skill barrier for exploitation.

No verified exploitation code is reproduced here. Refer to the public references for technical payload details.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2033

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP requests to /user_dashboard/view_donor.php containing SQL meta-characters in donor_id such as single quotes, UNION, SELECT, SLEEP, or comment sequences (--, #, /*).
Anomalous database query latency or repeated errors originating from the donor view endpoint.
Unexpected outbound database connections, unusual INFORMATION_SCHEMA queries, or bulk reads from donor tables.

Detection Strategies

Deploy web application firewall (WAF) signatures that flag SQL injection patterns targeting the donor_id parameter.
Enable database query logging and alert on queries containing tautologies such as OR 1=1 or stacked statements.
Correlate authenticated user sessions with high-volume or error-heavy queries against the donor table.

Monitoring Recommendations

Forward web server, application, and database logs to a centralized analytics platform for retention and correlation.
Alert on HTTP 500 responses and database error strings returned from view_donor.php.
Track per-user request rates to the donor dashboard to surface scripted exploitation attempts.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2033

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict access to the /user_dashboard/ directory to trusted users while remediation is in progress.
Place the application behind a WAF with SQL injection rules tuned to the donor_id parameter.
Audit the application database account and remove privileges that are not required for normal operation.
Review database and web logs for prior exploitation attempts against view_donor.php.

Patch Information

No official vendor advisory or patch has been published for code-projects Blood Bank Management System 1.0 at the time of NVD publication. Operators should monitor the code-projects website and the VulDB record for updates. In the absence of a vendor fix, modify the affected source to use parameterized queries via PDO or mysqli prepared statements and cast donor_id to an integer before use.

Workarounds

Replace string concatenation in view_donor.php with prepared statements that bind donor_id as an integer parameter.
Add server-side input validation that rejects any donor_id value that is not strictly numeric.
Disable verbose database error messages in production to prevent attackers from gaining schema information through error-based techniques.
If the donor view feature is not required, disable the endpoint until remediation is complete.

bash

# Example input validation hardening for donor_id in PHP
# Reject non-numeric values before any database interaction
if (!ctype_digit($_GET['donor_id'] ?? '')) {
    http_response_code(400);
    exit('Invalid donor_id');
}
$donor_id = (int) $_GET['donor_id'];

# Use a prepared statement (mysqli)
$stmt = $conn->prepare('SELECT * FROM donors WHERE id = ?');
$stmt->bind_param('i', $donor_id);
$stmt->execute();